Copyright NDSL, Chang Gung University. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Performance Analysis and Comparison

of Sleep Mode Operation for IEEE
802.16m Advanced Broadband
Wireless Networks
Advisor: Jenhui Chen
Reporter: David Tarn
Date: 7/14/2011

Outline
Problem description
Background
The difference between 16e and 16m
System model
Performance evaluation
Numerical results
Result s (remarks)
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Problem description
the existing 802.16 sleep mode has a drawback.
The listening window is not adjustable once its size is
determined.
a BS cannot transmit traffic when a listening window expires even in
the case that the BS has more traffic destined for an MS in the sleep
mode. In such a case, the MS will experience an extended traffic
reception delay.
an MS with multiple connections is allowed to manage multiple PSCs
independently for its connections while multiple connections can be
also mapped onto a single PSC. In the former case, a sleep window of a
PSC might overlap with the listening windows of other PSCs. Note that
the MS cannot power down its transceiver in such overlapped periods
so that the energy cannot be saved.




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4
Background
existing 802.16 sleep mode:
There are three power saving classes (PSCs) in standard.
PSC I : used for nonreal-time traffic with bursty behavior, such as
WEB browsing.
PSC II : for real-time traffic, such as VoIP services
PSC III : for multicast connections and management
Characteristic
PSC is relative to service connection a MS may exist more than one
PSCs in the same time.
The sleep interval and listening interval are pre-negotiated and fixed.


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Power Saving Type I
Recommended for connections of BE, NRT-VR type
Start frame number for first sleep window
Initial-sleep window size
Listening windows size: fixed
Final-sleep window size = T
max
final-sleep window base 2
(final-sleep window exponent)
p Sleep window size =
min{ previous sleep window size2, final sleep window size }

sleep, T
max

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Power Saving Type II
Recommended for connections of UGS, RT-VR type
Start frame number for first sleep window
Initial-sleep window size
Listening windows size: fixed
Sleep window size = Initial-sleep window size

sleep

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Power Saving Type III
Recommended for multicast connections as well as for
management
operations
Start frame number for first sleep window
Final-sleep window size =
final-sleep window base 2
(final-sleep window exponent)
Sleep window size = Final-sleep window size
Sleepwake up, multicast service
The difference between 16e and 16m
Number of sleep class
In 16e, the operation of sleep cycles is determined by connection-based
factors;
In 16m. A single sleep cycle setting, indicated by a sleep cycle ID (SCID),
is applied among all the connections of an AMS in the 16m. (The ID shall
be unique within the group of power saving classes defined by the
MOB_SLP-REQ/MOB_SLP-RSP transaction).
An AMS of 16m may send/receive data and MAC control
signaling, or update parameters without deactivating the sleep
mode.
In 16m, all the listening windows of an AMS can be utilized to
transmit packets.
the interruption resulted from UL traffic may have no impact on
the length and phase of the sleep cycles. (as fig 1 b)
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System model
In this paper, an analytical model of the IEEE 802.16m
sleep mode operation is proposed. The integrated effect
of DL and UL service flows is considered to analyze both
power-saving efficiency and mean waiting time.
the AMS enters the sleep mode while it has negotiated
with the ABS through a request message AAI SLP-REQ
and an approval message AAI SLP-RSP in the active
mode (awake mode).
When the sleep mode is activated, a series of sleep cycles
are provided for the AMS. Each sleep cycle consists of a
listening window followed by a sleep window except for
the first one.
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In the sleep mode, the AMS shall wake up at every
listening window and check the traffic indication
message AAI_TRF-IND.
.
T
Sn
denotes the length of the regular sleep window at the
nth sleep cycle, T
L
is the default length of a listening
window.
When consecutive negative traffic indication messages
are obtained by the AMS
.
T
Cmin
and T
Cmax
are the length of the initial sleep cycle and the
maximum sleep cycle.

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if there are DL data bursts addressed to the AMS
arriving during a sleep window, the serving ABS will
buffer the packets until the listening window.
a positive AAI_TRF-IND will be sent by the ABS in the
listening window to inform the AMS of the arrived
packets.
Once receiving the positive traffic indication message,
the length of the current sleep cycle shall be renewed to
the initial sleep cycle.
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If all the buffered packets can be transmitted completely
during the listening window, its length will be equal to
default T
L
. On the contrary, extension of the listening
window will be conducted in order to satisfy the demand
of transmission.
T
Lext
is the length of the extended listening window.

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Analytical model
Assuming that an M/G/1 traffic model is utilized, where
the Poisson arrival rates of DL and UL packets are
denoted by
d
and
u
respectively, and =
d
+
u
.
The average service rate of packet delivering equals .
T
U
the remaining inter-arrival time of the UL packets.
(from the beginning of the initial sleep cycle to the
arrival of the UL data burst.
a random variable T
U,n
is defined according to the nth
sleep cycle which the UL packet arrives at.

Where
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the probability density function (PDF) of T
U,n



the average value of T
U,n
will be



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In order to decide whether the listening window in the
renewed initial sleep cycle is extended or not, a
probability factor
n
should be defined at first.
Considering that is denoted as the total number of
packets acquired from both the DL in the detection
window and the UL in the subsequent listening window,
the probability distribution
,n
of at the nth sleep
cycle.


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Assuming that the capacity of the default listening
window is denoted as the maximum amount of packets
(DL plus UL) that can be served during T
L
. The average
value of the capacity can thus be expressed as

the probability that the listening window in the renewed
initial sleep cycle will not be extended is
(listening window can handle packets)


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For fully consideration of the situations that the DL and
UL
traffic occur in different order, three conditions of
termination of the Analysis Period are listed as follows
Condition A: There is DL traffic only throughout the Analysis
Period. (DL)
there does not exist any UL and DL packets arrived in the duration of
S
C
n1
and S
C
n
respectively.
at least one DL packet arrives within the duration of T
C
n
.
The probability of Condition A is
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where
? Case1 or case2
Condition B: There are DL data arriving before the the
transmission of UL traffic located in the nth sleep cycle
there does not exist any DL packets arrived in the duration of
S
C
n1
.

at least one UL packet is sent in T
C
n
.
at least one DL packet arrives before the transmission of the UL
data.

The probability of Condition B is









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The average values are





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Condition C: There is at least one UL data packet arriving
before the renewal point, and DL data arrive right at the the
transmission of UL and also be transmitted.
there does not exist any DL packets arrived in the duration of SCn1 ,
at least one UL packet is transmitted within the duration TCn,
at least one DL packet occurs during the transmission of UL packets
and also be delivered.
The probability of Condition C can be computed as


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E[T
n
U
] denotes the mean time duration utilized to UL
transmission in the nth sleep cycle,





Where
The mean value of



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. ) (
,
1
, .
dt t f
n U
n
C
n
C
T
S
S
C
n
C
n
}

=
q q
e e

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Case I
The average value of RV t
s




average energy for the first case
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Case II
The average value of RV t
s




average energy for the first case
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Case III
The average value of RV t
s




average energy for the first case
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Performance evaluation
Power-Saving Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the
mean sleep time to the average Analysis Period.


T
S
is the length of the summation of sleep cycles within the
Analysis Period. (sleep cycle)
T
UL
indicates the additional time duration used for UL data
transmission. (UL)
T

S
denotes the amount of pure sleep windows. (
sleep cycle)
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The average value of T

S
is

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Mean Waiting Time
the serving policy of the ABS is first-come-first-serve
(FCFS), the mean waiting time of a packet can be
computed as the sum of the wait time for serving in the
listening window and the time spent by the UL packets
within the additional duration of the UL transmission.
(queueBS)
According to the M/G/1 queuing system

E[W
M/G/1
] is the waiting time of a normal M/G/1
queuing system
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E[W] = E[W
L
] + E[W
UL
]
E[W
L
] = E[W
M/G/1
] + E[T
V
]
| |
( )
o

+
+ =
1 2
1
2 2 2
1 / / G M
W E

2
is the variance of the general service time and
stands for the traffic intensity by = /.


T
V
is the remaining vacation time of the system


the average sleep cycle


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| |
( )
( )
o

u u
u u
UL
W E

+
+ =
1 2
1
2
2 2
| | ( )
B C U A
C
V
P S T P
T
T E + =
1
,
2
o
o
o
C B A A
A
P
o o o o
u + u + u u =
C B A B
B
P
o o o o
u + u + u u =
. , , ,
_
C B A k
ext k
n
k
n
K
e + = u | |
o
Numerical results

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Simulation parameters

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Numerical evaluation for Type I of the IEEE 802.16m with: (a) power-saving
efficiency vs. packet arrival rate ; (b) mean waiting time vs. packet arrival
rate .

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Performance comparison of Type I sleep mode operation between the IEEE
802.16m and the IEEE 802.16e with: (a) power-saving efficiency vs. packet
arrival rate ; (b) mean waiting time vs. packet arrival rate .

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Performance comparison of Type II sleep mode operation between
the IEEE 802.16m and the IEEE 802.16e with: (a) power-saving efficiency
vs. packet arrival rate ; (b) mean waiting time vs. packet arrival rate .
Remarks
Advantage
A concise analytical model for the sleep mode operation of the
IEEE 802.16m is proposed (power-saving efficiency and mean
waiting time).
The effects of both downlink and uplink traffic are properly
considered in the proposed model.
16m is a hot spot.
the sleep mode operations in both standards can be observed clearly.

Drawback
There is no mechanism to deal with the variable sleep interval.
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