3 Aspects of Health

Physical health Social health Mental health

PHYSICAL HEALTH
It is an important part of the overall wellbeing of a person. It includes fitness, agility, cardiovascular condition, endurance, muscular strength etc. It is a state of complete well-being in which a person is totally fit to perform his daily routine activities without any hindrance.

Leading Health problems in the Philippines

1. Heart disease - is the general term used to refer to problems that affect one or more components of the human heart. 2. Stroke - occurs when blood is not supplied to some parts of the brain due to blockage or bursting of a blood vessel in the body. 3. Cancer - is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell

growth.
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases - include chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema. These diseases prevent air to freely flow to and from the lungs. 5. Malaria - first infect the liver, then act as parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases progressing to coma or death

 Diabetes - An estimated four million Filipinos suffer from diabetes. With diabetes comes a number of life-threatening health complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

Dengue fever - is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

Tuberculosis - typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Kidney failure - this happens when the kidneys cannot function properly. One of the major functions of the kidneys is to clean waste material from the blood. Diarrhea - is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day.

Main Health risk for Philippines

1. Diseases transmitted by insects or animals.
Dengue fever Yellow fever Malaria Lymphatic filariasis (the main cause of elephantiasis) Rabies

2. Diseases transmitted by food, water or through the environment.

Hepatitis A

Typhoid Fever
Diarrheic diseases Cholera Leptospirosis

3. Diseases transmitted by contact with infected people.

Bacterial Meningitis Chickenpox Common cold Influenza Mumps Tuberculosis Measles

Other causes of health problems in the Philippines.

Unhealthy diet Poor sanitation Improper garbage disposal Poor health awareness Poor medical facilities Poor living conditions

SOCIAL HEALTH
the dimension of an individual's well-being that concerns how he gets along with other people, how other people react to him, and how he interacts with social institutions and societal mores.

Issues regarding social health

Alcoholism Abortion Bullying Prostitution

Some causes of social issues

Drug addiction Gambling addiction Alcohol abuse

MENTAL HEALTH
as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.

Leading mental health illness in the Philippines

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Phobias - a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding. Generalize anxiety disorder - is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry. Social anxiety disorder - also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear in social situations causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.

Panic disorder - is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioral changes lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. Post-traumatic stress disorder - is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to any event that results in psychological trauma, This event may involve the threat of death to oneself or to someone else, or to one's own or someone else's physical, sexual, or psychological integrity, overwhelming the individual's ability to cope.

Mental health facts:

About half of mental disorders begin before the age of 14. Around 20% of the world's children and adolescents are estimated to have mental disorders or problems, with similar types of disorders being reported across cultures. Yet, regions of the world with the highest percentage of population under the age of 19 have the poorest level of mental health resources. Most low- and middle-income countries have only one child psychiatrist for every 1 to 4 million people. Depression is characterized by sustained sadness and loss of interest along with psychological, behavioural and physical symptoms. It is ranked as the leading cause of disability worldwide. On average about 800 000 people commit suicide every year, 86% of them in low- and middle-income countries. More than half of the people who kill themselves are aged between 15 and 44. The highest suicide rates are found among men in eastern European countries. Mental disorders are one of the most prominent and treatable causes of suicide.

 War and other major disaster have a large impact on the mental health and psychosocial well-being. Rates of mental disorder tend to double after emergencies. Mental disorders are among the risk factors for communicable and noncommunicable diseases. They can also contribute to unintentional and intentional injury. Stigma about mental disorders and discrimination against patients and families prevent people from seeking mental health care. In South Africa, a public survey showed that most people thought mental illnesses were related to either stress or a lack of willpower rather than to medical disorders. Contrary to expectations, levels of stigma were higher in urban areas and among people with higher levels of education. Human rights violations of psychiatric patients are routinely reported in most countries. These include physical restraint, seclusion and denial of basic needs and privacy. Few countries have a legal framework that adequately protects the rights of people with mental disorders.

 There is huge inequity in the distribution of skilled human resources for mental health across the world. Shortages of psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists and social workers are among the main barriers to providing treatment and care in low- and middle-income countries. Lowincome countries have 0.05 psychiatrists and 0.42 nurses per 100 000 people. The rate of psychiatrists in high income countries is 170 times greater and for nurses is 70 times greater. In order to increase the availability of mental health services, there are five key barriers that need to be overcome: the absence of mental health from the public health agenda and the implications for funding; the current organization of mental health services; lack of integration within primary care; inadequate human resources for mental health; and lack of public mental health leadership. Governments, donors and groups representing mental health workers, patients and their families need to work together to increase mental health services, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The financial resources needed are relatively modest: US$ 2 per person per year in low-income countries and US$ 3-4 in lower middle-income countries.

Determinants of health
the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours. The context of peoples lives determine their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. These determinantsor things that make people healthy or notinclude the above factors, and many others: Income and social status - higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health. Education low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence. Physical environment safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. Employment and working conditions people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions

 Social support networks greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health. Genetics - inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behaviour and coping skills balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with lifes stresses and challenges all affect health. Health services - access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health Gender - Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages.

Most healthy countries

Iceland The people in Iceland tend to live the longest, there is a very low death rate among children, and very few cases of tuberculosis. There are also a large number of physicians per 1000 people. Sweden In Sweden, only 3 children are stillborn out of every 1000 births, and there are only 4 cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people, making it the second healthiest country in the world. Finland Finland ties Sweden in the death rate of children, but reports slightly more cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 people, with 4.8 cases. Germany Germany made number four on the list because of the relatively low amount of air pollution and because of the amount of money that the country spends on health care annually 10.6% of the annual gross income. Switzerland Switzerland made the top five due to the high longevity and the high number of physicians per 1000 people.

Most unhealthy countries

Swaziland The death rate in Swaziland is 30.70 per 1000 people annually. Angola The death rate in Angola is 24.44. Lesotho The death rate in Lesotho is 22.33. Sierra Leone The death rate in Sierra Leone is 22.26, per 100 people annually. Liberia Liberia has a death rate of 21.45 per 1000 people annually.

10 health agenda of the Philippines

Improve hospitals and health facilities. Employ more health workers (doctors, nurses, and midwives) Increase PhilHealth enrollment and improve PhilHealth benefits. Reduce maternal and infant deaths. Reduce non-communicable diseases.

Reduce and prevent cancer cases. Lower the cost of medicines. Control dengue outbreaks. Reduce diarrhea outbreaks (gastroenteritis, typhoid and cholera). Control the growing HIV-AIDS epidemic.