Waters composition and properties

Berzpils secondary school Latvia 2011

Water H2O
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule conatins one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state, water vapor and steam.

WATER RESOURCES
FRESH WATER
GALCIER RIVERS and LAKES UNDERGRAUND WATER

SALT-WATER

OCEANS
SALT-LAKES MINERAL SPRING

Drinking water production in Latvia

Well water Mineral water Sparkling Bottled water Artesian water

Spring water
Bottled water derived from an underground formation which water flows naturally to the surface of the earth. Spring water must be collected only at the spring or throught a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. Spring water collected with the use of an external force must be from the same underground stratum as the spring and must have all the physical properties before treatment, and be of the same composition and quality as the water that flows naturally to the surface of the earth.

Well water
A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers Usually 5 15 m deep On average ph 6,8 7,3 Water composition: cation, anion. Mg, Fe, K, Ca. Sulphate and phosphates

Artesian water
Bottled water from a well that taps a confined aquifer (a water bearing underground layer of rock and sand) in wich the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer.

Water suplly system in our town (Berzpils): artesian bore 40 m deep, water tower and water suplly sistem.

Mineral water
Mineral water containing not less than 250 parts per million total dissolved solids may be lebeled as mineral water. Mineral water is distinguished from other types of bottled water by its constant level and relative proportions of mineral and trace elements at the point of emergence from the source. No minerals can be added to this product.

Sparkling bottled water

Water that after treatment, and possible replacement with carbon dioxide, contains the same amount of carbon dioxide that it had as it emerged from the source. Sparkling waters may be labeled as sparkling drinking water, sparkling mineral water, sparkling spring water, etc.

Mineral water types in Latvia

MANGAI (carbonated natural mineral water) ekavas spring water (carbonated mineral water) RASA PREMIUM (carbonated mineral water) VENDEN ( Natural mineral water, Water from nature reserve)

The main water users are industry (23%),

municipal economy and agriculture (69%)

Chemical indices for drinking water (maximum quantity):

B (boron) 1,0 mg/l; Hg hydrargyrum 1,0 g/l; fluoride 1,5 mg/l; Cr chromium 50 g/l; Cd cadmium 5,0 g/l; Ni nickel 20 g/l; nitrate 50 mg/l; nitrite 0,50 mg/l; pesticide (singly) 0,10 g/l; Se selenium 10 g/l; Pb plumbum 10 g/l; Cu cuprum 2,0 g/l.

Berzpils Fe (ferum) substance in the water (mg/l) from 2005 to 2009 years.

Use school laboratory find Fe, carbonate and organic material at drinking water. 1st took some water (pic.1)

Choose write staff and substance, to find Fe (ferum) at drink water Water fill in to pulb (pic.2)

Water to acidify with hidrochlorid acid (pic.3)

 Add one drop watered hidrogen peroxide Boil

Hidrogen peroxide to oxidize ferum: 2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ 2Fe 3++ 2H2O When its come down add (amonija rodands). Parlor pink color to show us ferum in water.

In the water also possible to find organic materials; Fill up water into pulb and add watered sulphuric acid Add one drop watered KMnO4 If there organic materials, lilac water color disappear.

Thank you for your attention!