LIGHT EMITTING POLYMERS

PRESENTED BY: RASHIQUE KM H7152

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION HISTORY ARCHITECTURE WORKING MARIX DISPLAYS MANUFACTURING TYPES OF PLED COMPARISON WITH LCD ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS FUTURE SCOPES
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INTRODUCTION
LEP or PLED or P OLED Polymer which emits light(EM radiations). Polymers are chains of smaller molecular components called MONOMERS. CDT & UDC are developing LEP display.

HISTORY
1977 conducting polymers are discovered. Alan J. Heeger , Alan G. MacDiarmid got Nobel prize From this OLED evolved. In 1990 Friend et al found Electroluminescence in the conducting polymers. Birth of LIGHT EMITTING POLYMERS! Poly phinylene vinylene (PPV) is the first LEP discovered.

ARCHITECTURE
Thin film of semiconducting polymer sandwiched between an ANODE and CATHODE. ANODE: ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) CATHODE: Metals (depends upon the type of LEP) SUBSTRATE: Glass, clear plastic (depends upon the type of LEP) Voltage is applied between anode and cathode
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ARCHITECTURE
Metal Cathode Polymer

Glass Substrate
Transparent Anode (ITO)

HOW IT WORKS
Electroluminescence is the principle behind the LEP. Due to applied voltage electrons and holes will migrate to polymer lattice.

They will combine together to form excitons

Excitons returns to initial state by emitting radiation.

HOW IT WORKS

LEP FOR COMMERSIALISED DISPLAY

MATRIX DISPLAYS: PLED displays consists of matrix of pixels. Each pixel is a light emitting polymer. Emit light by turning OFF and ON the pixels. Primary color pixels are positioned very close to form other colored pixels To control each pixel DRIVERS are needed.

DRIVERS are Transistors

MATRIX DISPLAYS
TWO TYPES OF MATRIX DISPLAYS PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAYS

ACTIVE MATRIX DISPLAYS

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PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAY

Each row and column have its own drivers. The organic layer is between strips of cathode and anode. Intersection forms the Pixel. Matrix scan every pixel to be switched on or off as required. Data signal is send to the pixel sequentially. If brightness is to increase, current through that electrode will be increased.

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PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAY

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PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAY

Easy to make. Use more power. If size of display increases..it will become difficult. Each pixel only emits light for a small length of time. Flickering is more. Only for small displays.

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ACTIVE MATRIX DISPLAYS

Each pixel is addressed by incorporating a TFT. Brightness of each pixel is controlled by TFT. TFT will hold the current. Current flow is controlled by setting TFT drivers. More efficient than passive matrix displays. Can be used in large area displays. AMOLEP or AMOLED
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ACTIVE MATRIX DISPLAYS

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HOW IT IS MADE

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SPIN COATING METHOD

Substrate is placed on spinning plate Plate is spinning at a speed of few rotation per minute thousand

Robotic arm will pour small amount of polymer solution to the substrate.
After spreading ,it is baked to evaporate any remaining liquid. Extremely fine layer of polymers thickness of about 100nm having a
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INK-JET PRINTING
Ink-jet head, Ink and substrate for printing are different Primary colour polymers are jetted to the substrate. Uniformly spread the substrate. Mainly used for printing LEP images. Also used for making large display.

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INK-JET PRINTING

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TYPES OF LEP

Flexible Organic Light Emitting Polymers(FOLEP).

Stacked Organic Light Emitting Polymers(SOLEP)

Transparent Organic Light Emitting Polymers(TOLEP)

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FLEXIBLE ORGANIC LEP(FOLEP)

Built on a flexible substrate.
They have the ability to conform, bend or roll a display into any shape. They are less fragile and more impact resistant. Ultra lightweight & thin form.

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FLEXIBLE ORGANIC LEP(FOLEP)

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TRANSPARENT ORGANIC LEP(TOLEP)

Substrate is transparent.
LEPs sandwiched between 2 transparent layers.

Top and bottom emitting layers.

High resolution.

More than 70% transparent when turned off.

Better efficiency.

Faster response.
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STACKED ORGANIC LEP(SOLEP)

Array of vertically stacked TOLEP sub-pixels.

Color is tuned by individually controlling R-G-B sub pixels

Brightness is adjusted by adjusting the total current in the stack. It will only turn on the desired color pixel only.

Can be used in large displays

True color quality.
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COMPARISON WITH LCD

Screen Refreshing Rates- Higher than LCD Viewing qualityScreen size Higher than LCD Size is not limited in LEP display Glare free up to 170 degree Lesser than LCD

Viewing angle-

Power consumption-

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ADVANTAGES
Require only 3.3v for operation. Low power consumption. Self luminous. No viewing angle dependence. Manufacturing cost is less. Can be scaled to any dimension. No environmental draw backs. Simple to use. Very slim flat panel displays.

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DISADVANTAGES
Voltage drops may affect the performance. Limited market availability.

Aging of LEP Degradation of luminescence Light intensity gradually decreases. Disintegrate due to contact with oxygen.

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FUTURE SCOPES IN CARS

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LAPTOPS

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CONCLUSION
Have both electrical and optical property A low cost solution for flat panel display. Many manufactures are working to introduce a revolutionary changes in the market. Hazardless to environment. Simpler and cheaper

Have some limitations

Till it is the superior technologyfor the future..

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REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED http://www.cdtltd.co.uk/ Inkjet Printing of Light-Emitting Polymer Displays by Tatsuya Shimoda, Katsuyuki Morii, Shunichi Seki, and Hiroshi Kiguchi LIGHT-EMITTING POLYMERS: THE REVOLUTIONARY DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY by SHRINIVAS A. PATIL, ELECTRONICS FOR YOU, APRIL 2002

LIGHT EMITTING POLYMERS by Dmitrii F. Perepichka,

Display Technology Overview by Jeremy Gurski & Lee Ming Quach
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THANK YOU

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