Boiler & its Auxiliaries

(F D, ID , Primary Air, Seal Air , Scanner ) Fans

Boiler ???
Traditionally, used to mean whole steam generator converts chemical energy of fuel into heat energy Generates steam at desired temperature & pressure Consists of following parts Economiser , Boiler drum , Water wall system , Super heater , Re-heater, Air Preheater

Auxiliaries
Primary Air Fan Force Draught Fan Induced Draught Fan Seal Air Fans Scanner Fans

Fans
Is a volumetric machine, which moves quantities of air or gas from one place to another Consists of a bladed rotor or impeller (which does work ) & housing (collects &directs the medium discharge by impeller Fan capacity depends upon flow, pressure & density

Types of Fan
Radial Fan Air enters in one direction & leaves in perpendicular direction Blades imparts KE to the medium (air )

Medium (air) flows through spiral casing, KE is converted into PE

Radial Fan

Types of Radial FAN

Forward curved blades have 80% max. static efficiency , high velocity , to high tolerance to erosive nature Backward curved ( airfoil ) blades most widely used for power plant applications , have 85 % max. static efficiency , low noise level , ideal capabilities in high speed service Straight blades high erosive resistance conditions , max. static efficiency 70% , simplified maintenance , particularly blade maintenance , wide range of capacities

Axial Fan
Air enters in axial direction & leaves in axial direction only Have blades that force to move parallel to the shaft about which blade rotates The impeller draws the medium from a suction chamber , imparts energy & discharges medium into a diffuser At outlet of diffuser , the necessary head is created

Axial FAN

Primary Air Fan

Large high Pressure Fans creating Pressure up to 800 mm W column Provide air for combustion Removes moisture from the coal Transport pulverised coal from coal mill to the furnace at various elevations Temp. of air ranging from 80-90 C

PA Fan
Speed-1480 rpm Flow capacity-60 tons/hr Power consumption1250kW Draught created1250mm wcl Temperature- 6070C

Primary Air Fan

 Six mills are provided with two primary air fans Air is heated in air heater & this hot air is received in common duct called hot primary air bus A part of primary air (before air heater) is sent to another common duct called cold primary air bus After suitably mixing the cold air & hot air, the primary air is sent to the mill

Primary Air System

Primary Air System

 Supply air necessary for fuel combustion Provide turbulence to prevent stratification of gases Excess air aids in burning CO in fuel bed thus eliminates smoke Supply air to make up for air heater leakage Fulfils air requirement in scanner fans F D air is heated from the heat of flue gases in the air pre-heater

Forced Draught Fan

FD Fan
Axial fan Speed-14920 rpm Flow capacity406800m/hr Power consumption750 kW

FD Fan

Induced Draught Fan

Located between ESP & Chimney Evacuates combustion products from boiler furnace. Creates sufficient negative pressure (5-10 mm wc ). Compensate the heavy pressure drop of flue gases.

ID Fan
Radial fan Speed-740 rpm Flow capacity936000m/hr Power consumption1720kW Draught created(-)465mm wcl

Fd & Id air Flow

Seal air fans

The function of seal air system is to prevent hot air and coal dust escaping from the coal mills and coal feeders into the atmosphere. Seal air keeps the bearing clean & prevents any coal air leakage into boiler house Boosts the air pressure to the level required for adequate sealing of coal air dust

On the upstream side of the seal fan is fitted a filter to maintain the air clean. The seal air will come from the cold primary air header in front of the boiler. A shut-off valve damper is provided at the inlet of the seal air fan.

 Five coal mills are supplied with seal air from seal air fans ( in which air is supplied from cold primary gas ) Two seal fans (one working , one standby ) are provided for the boiler Each will be designed to meet the seal air requirements of the coal mills

Arrangement

Seal Air Fan

 Scanners : monitors flame temp. at a particular head They are exposed to furnace radiation continuously Scanner head fails above 150C Therefore, continuously cooling air is required to cool the scanners for their functioning

Scanner Fans

 Scanners are cooled continuously during operation ; during off load condition Cooling air is provided till scanner head temp . drops considerably Cold air is supplied through scanner guide pipe Scanner fans take its suction from F D outlet & boosts this pressure further During FD failure , scanner air fans take its suction from atm. through emergency air damper

Scanner Fans
Speed 3000 rpm Flow Capacity 1100m/ hr Power consumption 1.1kW Draught created 160 mm wc Temp. maintain 50C

Thank You