Revolution In Technical Generation 3g

By: Presented

Ajeet

8/6/12

NOMENCLATURE GENERATION
The

OF

nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, nonbackwards compatible transmission technology, and new frequency bands. ten years since the first move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992. support,spread spectrumtransmission and at least 200kbit/s, in 2011 expected to be 8/6/12 followed by 4G.

New generations have appeared about every

This was followed, in 2002, by 3G multi-media

Introduction To 3G
International

Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

Application services include wide-area wireless

Compared to the older 2G and 2.5G standards, a

3G system must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services, and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s according to the IMT-2000 specification. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 8/6/12

FEATURES
1. 1. DATA

RATES:.It

that will higher transmission rates.

8/6/12

is

expected IMT-2000 provide

CONTINUE.
2. SECURITY:v 3G

networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 8/6/12

APPLICATIONs
Mobile

TV a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched. on demand a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone. conferencing subscribers can see as well as talk to each other. a medical

Video

Video

Tele-medicine 8/6/12

history
The first pre-commercial 3G

network was best launched byNTT DoCoMoin Japan brandedFOMA in May 2001. commercially live was bySK Telecomin South Korea on the1xEV-DOtechnology in January 2002. May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network 8/6/12 was byKTon EV-DO and

The second network to go

By

CONTINUE
Later,MTNLlaunched

3G

inDelhiandMumbai. Nationwideauction of 3G wireless spectrumwas announced in April 2010.

The first Private-sector service

provider that launched 3G services is Tata DoCoMo, on November 5, 2010.

Second is by Reliance Communications, December 13,2010. 8/6/12

USERS OF 3G
By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber

had been connected.

Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions

worldwide this is only 6.7%.

In the countries where 3G was launched first

Japan and South Korea 3G penetration is over 70%. June 2007 worldwide.
8/6/12

Total 3G subscriber base were 475 million at

and

15.8%

of

all

subscribers

REASONS ENCOURAGES TO USE 3G SERVICES

8/6/12

8/6/12

UMTS
UMTS

stands for universal telecommunication system. telecommunications technology.

mobile

UMTS is the third generation (3G) of mobile It

is the latest commercially available technology that mobile phones,PDAs, and smart phonesare using today. UMTS is mainly based onCDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) scheme and now combines it with TDMA. However, UMTS is still new as there are only a 8/6/12 few areas and networks that support the

UnlikeGSM,

Continue..
There are also problems regarding the

compatibility between UMTS and GSM, which frequently led to connections being dropped. But this is being remedied by UMTS/GSM dual-mode devices. With that feature, UMTS phones that go out of UMTSnetworkboundaries will be transferred to GSM coverage.

Transfer of network can happen mid-call. 8/6/12

UMTS OVER GSM

UMTS has faster data transfer rates than

GSM.

GSM is 2G and 2.5G while UMTS is already 3G. GSM is a rather old technology while UMTS is

newer.

GSM is typically based on TDMA while UMTS is

8/6/12 mainly CDMA-based.

WIMAX(UMTS,3G) OVER WLAN(WIFI)

Wireless

Local Area Network, also known as WLAN or Wi-Fi, is the alternative to cabledLAN. move from one location to another without thinking about the wires. with the rise of laptop computers and low cost netbooks that made mobile 8/6/12 computing within reach for most

It provides users mobility to

It has grown in popularity along

CONTINUE..
WiMax

equipment provides services that are in between high speed, low range WLAN and low speed, high range3Gand 2G technologies. its superior ability to pass through obstructions makes it ideal for certain applications as a last mile connectivity 8/6/12 replacement to cables for DSL

The 50km range of WiMax and

CONTINUE..
Wi-Fi uses one that is contention based. This

means that all clients who use the same access point are competing for bandwidth with the closest user getting the highest priority. The time span allocated to each client can be reduced or expanded depending on the needs of the client but it cannot be used by other clients as long as he remain connected.
8/6/12

DEVELOPMENT OF GSM TO 3G AND BEYOND 3G

GSM is an abbreviation of Global System

for Mobile communication. Mobile.

originally it is known as Group Special It is mobile telephony system that sets the

standards on how telecommunications work. mobile communications.

8/6/12

mobile

It encompasses everything in reference to we are referring to GSM as a service or

technology.GSMis a second generation

ADVANTAGE OF GSM
By the help of GSM we can make and receive

a phone call.

We can also create some text messages and

can easily forward to other cellphones.

Today, in a global scale, GSM is still widely

used mobile service.

8/6/12

CONTINUE
Statistically, more than 80 percent of all

global mobile connections are GSM.

With GSM, subscribers can still continue using

their mobile phones when traveling to other countries because GSM network operators have expansive roaming agreements with foreign operators.

8/6/12

GSM+GPRS=2G
GPRS

stands Service.

for

General

Packet

Radio

It is a mobile data service that is essentially

packet oriented.

By the help of GPRS we can create multimedia

messages i.e for forwarding and receiving images, ringtones, small video clips etc.
8/6/12

GSM+GPRS+EDGE=2.5G
EDGE stands for Enhanced Data Rates for

GSM Evolution.

This technology, also termed as Enhanced

GPRS or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution or IMT Single Carrier makes superior data transmission rates possible.

EDGE is a technology which is not just going

8/6/12 to bring it hard on the GPRS technology but

3G

8/6/12

3G+HSDPA/HSUPA=3.5G

HSDPA

stands Packet Access.

for

High

Speed

Downlink

HSUPA stands for High Speed Uplink Packet 8/6/12

CONTINUE..

High Speed Downlink Packet Access is the one

that improves transmission.

the

downlink

of

the

data

8/6/12 High Speed Uplink Packet Access is the one

BEYOND 3G..
4G means 4th generation. This

is a set of standard that is being developed as a future successor of 3G in the very near future. biggest between the two existence of technologies.

The

difference is in the compliant

There

are a bunch of technologies that fall under 3G, including WCDMA, EV-DO, 8/6/12 and HSPA among others.

CONTINUE
4G

speeds are meant exceed that of 3G.

to

Current 3G speeds are topped out at 14Mbps downlink and 5.8Mbps uplink. technology, speeds of up to 100Mbps must be reached for a moving user and 1Gbps for a stationary user. 8/6/12

To be able to qualify as a 4G

CONTINUE
Another key change in 4G is the abandonment

of circuit switching.

3G technologies use a hybrid of circuit switching and packet switching. that hasbeenused in telephone systems for a very long time.

Circuit switching is a very old technology

The downside to this technology is that it

ties up the resource for as long as the connection is kept up.

Packet switching is a technology that is very
8/6/12

CONTINUE.
With packet switching, resources are only

used when there isinformationto be sent across.

The efficiency of packet switching allows the

mobile phone company to squeeze more conversations into the same bandwidth.
4G technologies would no longer utilize circuit

switching calls.

even

forvoicecalls

and

video

Allinformationthat is passed around would

8/6/12 be packet switched to enhance efficiency.

COMPONENTS OF 4G
Access schemes: As the wireless standards evolved, the access

techniques used also exhibited increase in efficiency, capacity and scalability. The first generation wireless standards used plainTDMA andFDMA. less efficient in handling the high data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact.
8/6/12 for guard to avoid inter carrier interference.

In the wireless channels, TDMA proved to be

Similarly, FDMA consumed more bandwidth

CONTINUE..
These are based on efficientFFTalgorithms

and frequency domain equalization, resulting in a lower number of multiplications per second. They also make it possible to control the bandwidth and form the spectrum in a flexible way. However, they require advanced dynamic channel allocation and traffic adaptive scheduling. mentioned access techniques is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage 8/6/12 especially in theMIMO environments since

The other important advantage of the above

CONTINUE
IPv6 support Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel

infrastructures consisting ofcircuit switchedandpacket switched network nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switchingonly. This will requirelowlatencydata transmission.

By the time that 4G is deployed, the process

ofIPv4 address exhaustionis expected to be in its final stages. Therefore, in the context of 4G,IPv6support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled 8/6/12

CONTINUE..
Advanced antenna systems The performance of radio communications

depends on an antenna system, termedsmart orintelligent antenna. emerging to achieve the goal of 4G systems such as high rate, high reliability, and long range communications. In the early 1990s, to cater for the growing data rate needs of data communication, many transmission schemes were proposed.

Recently,multiple antenna technologiesare

One technology,spatial multiplexing, gained 8/6/12

CONTINUE
Independent streams can then be transmitted

simultaneously from all the antennas. This technology, calledMIMO(as a branch ofintelligent antenna), multiplies the base data rate by (the smaller of) the number of transmit antennas or the number of receive antennas. high speed data in the fading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is calledtransmitorreceive diversity.

Apart from this, the reliability in transmitting

Both transmit/receive diversity and transmit

8/6/12

CONTINUE.
Software-defined radio (SDR) SDRis one form of open wireless architecture

(OWA).
Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards,

the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is 8/6/12 categorized to the area of the radio

HISTORY OF 4G
On

3 March 2009, Lithuania's LRTC announcing the first operational "4G"mobile WiMaxnetwork in Baltic states. In December 2009, Sprint began advertising "4G" service in selected cities in the United States, despite average download speeds of only 36Mbit/s with peak speeds of 10Mbit/s (not available in all markets).

On December 14, 2009, the first commercial

LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian capitalsStockholmandOsloby the 8/6/12 Swedish-Finnish network

CONTINUE.
On 25 February 2010, Estonia'sEMTopened

LTE "4G" network working in test regime. first 4G Smartphone, theHTC Evo 4G.

On 4 June 2010,Sprint Nextelreleased the On July 2010,UzbekistansMTS deployed

LTE inTashkent.

On

25 August 2010,Latvia'sLMTopened LTE "4G" network working in test regime 50% of territory. communication Seminar 2010, theITUstated 8/6/12 thatLTE,WiMaxand similar "evolved 3G

On 6 December 2010, at the ITU World Radio

BEYOND 4G RESEARCH (5G)

A major issue in 4G systems is

to make the high bit rates available in a larger portion of the cell, especially to users in an exposed position in between several basestations. is addressed bymacrodiversitytechniques, also known asgroup cooperative relay, and also by beamdivision multiple access.

In current research, this issue

8/6/12 Pervasive

networksare

an

ANY QUERRIES?

8/6/12