E-NOSE

PRESENTED BY K SOMANATH PRADHAN REG:- 0501227358

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS E-NOSE
E-Nose is a sensing system or instrument that consist ofSample conditioning inlet system Gas sensor array Pattern classifier software operating in a computer

NEED
The availability of a miniature, portable instrument capable of identifying contaminants in the breathing environment at part-per-million levels would greatly enhance the ability to monitor the quality of recycled air as well as providing notification of the presence of potentially dangerous substances from spills and leaks.

GENERATION

ARCHITECTURE

Continued
Electronic Nose uses an array of 32 Sensors(two each of 16 different polymers) to simulate the human nose's sensor cells. The sensors are insulators, but are impregnated with carbon particles to enable them to conduct electricity They are connected to a small computer that takes the information from the sensors and figures out just what the smell is, similar to how our brain, through experience, learns to identify what your nose is smelling.

HOW IT WORKS
Baseline resistance Film swelling and shrinking Pattern recognition algorithm 1. statistical approaches pca, partial least squares, cluster analysis 2.ANN approaches supervised, unsupervised 3.neuromorphic approaches

BASELINE RESISTANCE
All of the polymer films on a set of electrodes (sensors) start out at a measured resistance, their baseline resistance. If there has been no change in the composition of the air, the films stay at the baseline resistance and the percent change is zero

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

THE ELECTRONIC NOSE SMELLS SOMETHING

Each polymer changes its size, and therefore its resistance, by a different amount, making a pattern of the change

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

If a different compound had caused the air to change, the pattern of the polymer films' change would have been different:

e-

eeee-

e-

PATTERN RECOGNITION
After measurement procedure the signals are transformed by a processing block The results obtained are input for PCA,CA DATA MATRIX Each sample is characterized by a unique and typical set of data forming a finger print of an analyte in a m-dimensional pattern space PREPROCESSING Typical techniques: manipulation of sensor baseline, normalization and scaling of response for all sensors

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS

PCA AND CA are multivariate pattern analysis technique reducing dimensionality of problem and reducing high degree of redundancy PCA Linear feature extraction technique finding most influencial,new direction in pattern space explaining as much of variance in data set The new directions called principal components are the base for a new data matrix Usually 2 or 3 of them are sufficient to transfer more than 90% of the variation of the sample

CLUSTER ANALYSIS
The base principle of cluster analysis is the assumption of close position of similar samples in multidimensional pattern space Similarity between each two samples is calculated as a function of the distance between them usually in Euclidean sense an displayed in dendrogram

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Information processing structure imitating behaviour of human brain Main advantage: adaptive structure,complex interaction between input and output data, parallel data processing and handling high noise level data implies useful pattern recognition tool Many possible architecture and algorithm available in literature The most common in measurement application is feed-forward network and back-propagation algorithm

CONTINUED
The base units of ANN are neurons and synapses. Neurons are organized in layers and connected by synapses. Their task is to sum up their inputs and non linear transfer of the result, which is then transmitted via synapses with modification by means of synapses weights. This signal in turn is the input for the next layer of the network.

ADVANTAGE
It can detect chemicals in concentration so small that people could not smell or so large that they would overwhelm our noses. E-nose sensors do not fatigue. It can detect toxic and hazardous situations that human may wish to avoid. It can detect carbon monoxide(co) which is odorless to humans.

APPLICATION
Medical diagnostics
Safety purposes Food and beverages industry

Environmental monitoring

identification of toxic and hazardous wastes, analysis of fuel mixtures, detection of oil leaks, monitoring factory emission.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Fight against crime Recognition of terrorists Telesurgery Virtual reality and virtual environment fire fighter, dangerous discharge.

CONCLUSION
Despite some very interesting analytical capabilities, the road to success for the E-nose has been rocky at best. Depending upon the application, many of the issue remain a concern today and may limit E-nose success unless addressed and solved. In spite of that ,it can perform some very complex analytical tasks not get addressed by even the largest and most expensive systems and is currently the subject of research.

REFERENCES
P.ciosek,Z.brzozka,W.wroblewski,classification of beverages using a reduced sensor array,Sens.Actuators B,103(2004),76-83. 2. P.ciosek,W.wroblewski,The analysis of sensor array data with various pattern recognition techniques,Sens.Actuators B,in press. 3. Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, J. W. Gardner and P. N. Bartlett (editors), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands 1992. (The famous "Iceland Symposium" that marks the beginning of the worldwide research effort on the electronic nose.)
1.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

THANK YOU