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Subsea engineering focuses on the deepwater issues of oil and gas exploitation. The Subsea Engineering option addresses both the hardware used subsea, such as wellheads and separators, as well as important issues such as field layout, flow assurance and installation/maintenance.
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Korean Register
SUBSEA SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
Overview of subsea hardware components Tree, Template, Mainfold Typical subsea layout and connection between different components Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition Heave compensation
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Subsea Part: X-mas trees, Templates, Mainfolds, Spools, Protection structure, Suction piles and Foundations The other: Risers, Flowlines and Umbilicals
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Installation process
Lift from the barge In air Lift Passage through Splash zone Passage through Water column
Landing
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Tree
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pressure containing method Control, monitor and condition either produce or injected media Shut the well, re-enter the well Monitor down hole, inject chemical
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Tree configuration
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8. 9.
10. 11.
Production master valve(M1) Production lateral valve(W1) Annulus master valve(M2) Annulus lateral valve(W2) Crossover valve(XO) Production intervention valve(S1) Annulus intervention valve(S2) Pressure regulation choke MEG(Mono Ethylene Glycol)normal operation valve(MV1) MEG valve to shut-down(MV2) Down hole safety valve(DHSV)
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Pros: Cheep, some sharing of pipeline, simultaneous production Cons: Absence of a common datum, drilling rig should move to new well
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Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects
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Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects
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Template
Seabed-founded structure that consist of a structural frame work and a foundation, arranged so as to provide support for various subsea equipment.
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Mainfold
A system of headers and branched piping that can be used to gather of distrubute fluids, as desired.
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Riser base
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Subsea control
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2.
3. 4. 5.
A hose pipe to deliver hydraulic power to operate the valve/choke actuator remotely Other requirement(electric cable and variable pipe) Choke position-indication feedback Monitoring temperature and pressure Chemical injection
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Tree supply
Tree supply Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves Direct Hydraulic 2011-05-03 Piloted Hydraulic
Tree valves
Tree valves
Tree valves
Tree valves
Tree valves
Tree valves
Electro/Hydraulic
Multiplex
accumulator
Hydraulic line
Electrical line
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5. Heave compensation
Active system
1.
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5. Heave compensation
Active system
2. Tensioner system
Pros: Passive system readily adaptable, lower inertia Cons: Additional space, fatigue damage on sheaves
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5. Heave compensation
Active system
3. Boom control
Pros: Minimal damage to the cable, passive system adaptable Cons: High inertia and high power required, complex
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5. Heave compensation
Passive system
No energy input, an additional spring damper
Increase tension
Piston down
Conclusion
All in all, in terms of oil industry, the technologies have been developed in many field over the past two decades. Therefore, nowadays, it is normal to extract oil and gas from deep-sea which is sometimes 2000m under sea level. According to some commentator, it might be possible to reach to resorvior which is located 4000m under sea level
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