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KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Relevance
Automobile accidents are major cause of death in modern world
Driver fatigue

Fatigue
Impairs cognitive skills
Affect drivers ability to assess their level of alertness

Real time estimation of cognitive fatigue system use to actively monitor drivers level of vigilance
Alerting driver of any insecure conditions is essential for accident prevention

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Objective
To analyze mental fatigue of drivers while driving under different simulated environmental conditions Analyze grip force exerted by drivers while driving To develop a metric that can correlate mental fatigue and grip force exerted by drivers while driving To develop a fatigue model that predicts fatigue

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Introduction
Cognitive fatigue
Decline mental work and decision making for continuous performing job Decline features
Alertness Attention Working memory Long - term memory recall Situation awareness Executive control

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Introduction
Method of detect vigilance changes in drivers
Physical changes during fatigue
Inclination of driver head Decline in gripping force on steering wheel

Physiological changes of drivers

Eye activity Disadvantage: long moving averaged window to track slow changes in vigilance Heart rate Electroencephalographic (EEG) activities means of detecting cognitive states Advantage: shorter moving averaged window to track second to second fluctuations

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Flowchart of Real Time Cognitive Fatigue Monitoring

Contextual information Physical Fitness Extract Parameter Sleep History EEG, EP (Brain) and Grip force (Hand)

Information Fusion
No

Fatigue
Yes

Activate Warning
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Driving Simulator
Heavy Duty Driver (HDD) Simulator Instructor Block
Joystick Ethernet Ear Phone PC
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Driver Cabin
Truck frame, in-built steering wheel

Brakes, Accelerator, Gears

Speedometer, Projector, Ear Phone

Methods
Questionnaires basic Nordic sleep questionnaire Air force truck trainee drivers are asked to Drive a truck for 40 min
Using eighteen channels EEG was recorded during
Driving task with an interval of 2 min During accident also

Preliminary study performed at MTTI, IAF Avadi, Chennai

Data was collected for one subject

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

10/20 System of EEG Electrode Placement

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Publications
1.K. Adalarasu and V. Balasubramanian, "An EMG Based Ergonomic Evaluation of Chairs for Computer Related Works", International conference on Ergonomics, HWWE 2005, Dec 10-12, 2005 2.K. Adalarasu and V. Balasubramanian, " Muscle Fatigue in Professional Race Car Drivers Wavelet Analysis of sEMG signal ", 16th world congress on Ergonomics ,IEA2006, July 10 14, 2006, Netherlands 3. V. Balasubramanian and K. Adalarasu, "Biomechanical assessment of Prospective A1 Race car Drivers for Team India," Submitted to A1 GP Team India, August, 2005

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Thank You !!!

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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References
L. D. Montgomery, R. W. Montgomery and R. Guisado, Rheoencephalographic and electroencephalographic measures of cognitive workload: analytical procedures, Biol. Psychol. 40, pp. 143 59, 1995 Chin-Teng Lin, Ruei-ChengWu, Tzyy-Ping Jung et.al, Estimating Driving Performance Based on EEG Spectrum Analysis, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2005:19, 3165 3174 Qiang Ji, Zhiwei Zhu, and Peilin Lan, Real-Time Nonintrusive Monitoring and Prediction of Driver Fatigue, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 53, No. 4, July 2004
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Introduction
Racing has emerged as a major global sporting event Race car driving is complex behavior it required
Player abilities including perceptions Decision-making Motor skill

It induces continued more consciousness and a sense of tension regarding external stimuli, players comes to feel fatigue

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Introduction
During driving some of more predominant muscle groups
Shoulders (deltoids) Upper arms (biceps, triceps) Forearms (flexor carpi radialis (wrist flexor)) Upper back (trapezius) Neck (Sterno-cleido-mastoid)

In driving vehicles occurrences of complaints was occasional

Muscle stiffness Neck/ shoulder/low back pain
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Objective
Aim of this study was to investigate muscle fatigue in professional race car drivers in simulator environmental

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Methodology
Four male national class race car drivers trained for at least three years participated
There were aged 18.0 2.16 yrs

Need For Speed (NFS) is a virtual computer car game (Driving simulator)
Steering, accelerator and braking system

NFS involves multiple turning actions

Neck muscles are actively involved

Players were asked to drive car for eight complete laps on a chosen route

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Bilateral Muscles Groups

Right Splenius Capitius Right Trapezius Right Medial Deltoid Right Extensor Digitorum
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Data Acquisition and Processing

Amplitude (mV)

Gain: 1000

Fs :1000 Hz

Raw EMG
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 -0.1 524 1047 1570 2093 2616 3139 3662 4185 4708 5231 5754 6277 6800 7323 7846 8369 8892 9415 9938 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4

0.5

Amplifier
Electrode Skin Muscle

Data Acquisition Card

Using Matlab

Time (ms)

Normalization

Extraction Parameter

Wavelet Transform

Filtering 20 450 Hz

Study was performed at Rehabilitation Bioengineering Group (RBG), IITM

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Result

Figure 1.Power of DWT coefficient in 1th and 8th Lap for subject 1. Acronyms used are R / L.S.C Right / Left splenius capitius, R / L.D Right / Left deltoid, R.T Right trapezius

Figure 2.Power of DWT coefficient in 1th and 8th Lap for subject 2.

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Result

Figure 3.Power of DWT coefficient in 1th and 8th Lap for subject 3.

Figure 4.Power of DWT coefficient in 1th and 8th Lap for subject 4.

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Result
Name Fatigue Muscle Non Fatigued Muscle

Alaman Ibrahain
Rayomand Banajee Amaya Walwarkar

Right Trapezius, Right/Left Left Trapezius, Right/Left Deltoid, Right /Left extensor digitorum splenius capitius
Right/Left Deltoid, Left splenius capitius, Left Trapezius Right Trapezius, Left Deltoid, Right/Left splenius capitius Right/Left Trapezius, Right/Left Deltoid, Right/Left splenius capitius Right Trapezius, Right Splenius Capitius, Right/Left extensor digitorum Right Deltoid, Left Trapezius, Right/Left extensor digitorum Right/Left extensor digitorum

Aditya

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Conclusion
Generally formula players are affected by shoulder and neck muscle fatigue Our study demonstrated
Discrete wavelet transform technique (DWT) useful tools for analysis muscle fatigue in F1 player

Bilateral weakness muscle group were identified

Subjects have to be trained to some training exercises
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Objective
To evaluate effect of cervical support in chairs using EMG

Hypothesis
Fatigue rate in levator scapula is significantly higher while using chairs without cervical support than chairs with cervical support

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Introduction

(1/3)

Long term computer use leads to

Neck/shoulder discomfort and pain

Lack of cervical support produces strain in neck and shoulder muscles Chair is a key component in ergonomics of computer workstations [1] Poorly designed office chairs can lead to MSD [2]
[1] NIOSH,1997 [2] Sauter et al, Intl Scientific Conference on Ergonomics & Health Aspects in Modern Office 1983 KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Subjects Summary
N Mean Age (yrs) Range (yrs) 6 26.2 2.2 23 29

Mean Weight (kg) 60.17 7.9

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Methodology
Need For Speed (NFS) is a virtual computer game
Steering, accelerator and braking system

NFS involves multiple turning actions

Neck muscles are actively involved

Phase - 1

Phase - 2

Chair without cervical support

Chair with cervical support

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Electrode Placement

Right Medial Deltoid Right Trapezius Right Levator Scapula

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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EMG Recording
Subjects were made to play NFS for 30 minutes during each phase EMG signals were recorded at 1st, 20th and 30th minute
Bagnoli-8TM at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz

2nd phase was performed after a day Study was performed at Rehabilitation Bioengineering Group (RBG), IITM

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

Signal Processing
Raw EMG Band Pass (20 400 )Hz / Band Stop (47 49)Hz Normalized TD FD PSD

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Full Wave Rectified

MPF Integrated Mean Linear Regression Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Linear Regression Line Between Time and iEMG - Levator Scapula

Chair A *
6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min)
4.0

Chair B
iEMG (mV min)
3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min)

iEMG (mV min)

*p < 0.05
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

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Linear Regression Line Between Time and MPF - Levator Scapula

Chair A *
100 96
MPF (Hz)

Chair B
150 140 130 120 110 100 90 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min)

88 84 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min)

*p < 0.05
KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras

MPF (Hz)

92

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Conclusion
Lack of proper cervical support
Leads to high fatigue rate in neck muscles Results severe neck pain

Subjects using chairs with cervical support

Feel more comfortable as fatigue is low

KA COMP , Feb 27, 2006, RBG, IIT Madras