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Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Aashima malhotra 100326105392

HCL
Hindustan Computers Ltd., one of the Indias largest electronics, computing and information technology Company. Founded in 1976 by Mr. Shiv Nadar, Ajai Chawdhary and four other colleagues Based in Noida, its a $ 5 billion company with over 60,000 employees and is working in 26 countries

INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that is typically either a microcontroller or a digital signal processor (DSP). The key characteristic is however being dedicated to handle a particular task, which may require very powerful processors. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it reducing the size and cost of the product and increasing the reliability and performance.

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have realtime performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded systems consist of small, computerized parts within a larger device that serves a more general purpose. The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips. They run with limited computer hardware resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard and/or screen.

HOW AN EMBEDDED DEVICE WORKS?

Embedded Systems talks with the outside world via peripherals such as: Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc. Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced Synchronous Serial Interface). Universal Serial Bus (USB). Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc). Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, LAN Works, etc. Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units. Discrete IO: like as General Purpose Input/output (GPIO). Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC). Debugging: ISP, ICSP, BDM Port

DEVICES BASED ON EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY

Adaptive Wireless On Body Ad Hoc Sens ors In Home

ADVANTAGES
The most outmost advantage that Embedded System provides is Less Power consumption and Cost Efficient.
Small keypad and LCD screen may used in instead of a PCs Keyboard and Screen. Concurrent processing.
Code & instruction logics are permanently loaded into processor.

No disk drives. No operating systems.

Signal processing systems Real-time video. DVD players. Medical equipment. Small systems Mobile phones, pagers. Home appliances, toys, smartcards. MP3 players, PDAs, digital cameras. Sensors, PC keyboard & mouse
Modern cars: Engine control unit ABS systems (Anti Lock Brake systems) Emissions control Diagnostics and Security systems Accessories (doors, windows etc)

90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Assembly C C++ Java Other

1998-1999 1999-2000

A microcontroller is a kind of miniature computer that you can find in all kinds of electronics devices and equipments. Like computer it has RAM, ROM, LCD, INPUT and OUTPUT DEVICES. Its is a single tasking computer...That mean it can perform single task at a single time. Its is in the form of IC , that all ROM ,RAM , TIMER etc are embedded on single chip and can be reprogrammed to perform many task ,that is why it is also known as Embedded system In 1981, Intel Corporation introduces an 8-bit microcontroller called 8051. The Intel 8051 became widely popular and allowed other companies to produce any flavor of 8051 but with condition that code remains compatible with 8051.

Some other companies producing member of 8051 family are: Intel Atmel Dallas Semiconductors Philips/ Signetics / NXP Siemens Other microcontroller is such as AVR PIC Dallas And we are using ATMEL AT89C52/AT89S52 Microcontrollers

SOFTWARE USED
The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems facing embedded software developers. When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the Device Database and the Vision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and memory options for you. Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the most popular embedded 8051 devices. The Keil Vision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (IC, CAN, UART, SPI, Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051 device. Simulation helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time wasted on setup problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can write and test applications before target hardware is available.

DTMF Mobile ROBO is a machine that can be controlled

with a mobile . In this project, the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called "Dual Tone Multiple-Frequency" (DTMF) tone. The robot perceives this DTMF tone with the help of the phone stacked on the robot. The received tone is processed by the microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder. The microcontroller then transmits the signal to the motor driver ICs to operate the motors & our robot starts moving

Conventionally,

Wireless-controlled robots use rf circuits, which have the drawbacks of limited working range, limited frequency range and the limited control. Use of a mobile phone for robotic control can overcome these limitations. It provides the advantage of robust control, working range as large as the coverage area of the service provider, no interference with other controllers and up to twelve controlles. Although the appearance and the capabilities of robots vary vastly, all robots share the feature of a mechanical, movable structure under some form of control.

The Control of robot involves three distinct phases:

perception, processing and action. Generally, the


preceptors are sensors mounted on the robot ,

processing is done by the on-board microcontroller or processor, and the task is perfomed using motors or with some other actuators.

In this project the robot, is controlled by a mobile phone that

makes call to the mobile phone attached to the robot in the course of the call, if any button is pressed control corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called dual tone multi frequency tome (DTMF) robot receives this DTMF tone with the help of phone stacked in the robot The received tone is processed by the atmega16 microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder MT8870 the decoder decodes the DTMF tone in to its equivalent binary digit and this binary number is send to the microcontroller, the microcontroller is preprogrammed to take a decision for any give input and outputs its decision to motor drivers in order to drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a turn.

The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phone

stacked in the robot acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not require the construction ofreceiver and transmitter units. DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice frequency band to the call switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone dialing is known as touch tone .

DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two

separate tones) to each key s that it can easily be identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is the direct al-gebric submission, in real time of the amplitudes of two sine(cosine) waves of different frequencies, i.e. ,pressing 5 will send a tone made by adding 1336hz and 770hz to the other end of the mobile. The tones and assignments in a dtmf system shown below

The important components of this robot are DTMF

decoder, Microcontroller and motor driver. An MT8870 series dtmf decoder is used here. All types of the mt8870 series use digital counting techniques to detect and decodeall the sixteen DTMF tone pairs in to a four bit code output. The built -in dila tone regection circuit eliminated the need for pre- filtering. When the input signal given at pin2 (IN-) single ended input configuration is recognized to be effective, the correct four bit decode signal of the DTMF tone is transferred to Q1 (pin21) through Q4(pin24) outputs.

ABOUT MICROCONTROLLER UNIT:

VARIOUS TYPE OF MICROCONTOLLERS: First microcontroller is 8031 FEATURES: It is Intels product. Neither a microprocessor nor a microcontroller. It is a 8-bit controller. Internally no ROM is provided i.e. code is outside the chip.

It is a first complete 8-bit microcontroller. It is a name of a family. In which the instruction set, pin configuration, architecture are same, only memory storage capacity is different. Internally PROM (programmable read only memory) is provided so it called one time programmable (OTP). Third microcontroller is AT89C51
FEATURES:

FEATURES:

It is ATMELs product. It is a similar to 8051 microcontroller i.e. having same instruction set, pin configuration, architecture. It is a also 8-bit microcontroller. Its cost is only Rs10 more than 8051. It uses EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory) or FLASH memory. It is Multiple time programmable (MTP) i.e. 1000 times. So it is better than 8051. In AT89C51, C stands for CMOS technology used in the manufacturing of the I.C. ATMEL89C52

THANK YOU

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