By Mr.

SHASHI KUMAR

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVES 3. CLASSIFICATION OF KNITTED FABRICS

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Entire world business of textile clothing is as large as 224 billion

US $ and is growing at the rate of 15% annually. The latest research report from Textiles Intelligence predicts that the worlds knitted textiles and apparel output will increase 25% to over 21 million tons over the Next ten years. Currently, over 17 million tons are produced each year, Knitting is the second most frequently used method of fabric construction. Today, the usage of knitted fabrics ranges from hosiery, underwear, sweaters, , suits, and coats, to rugs and other home furnishings. In conventional methods of relaxation of knitted fabric mainly mechanical (dry relaxation, wet relaxation and fully relaxation) and chemical relaxation (use of chemical like detergent, washing agent in bath along with water) are carried out which is very time consuming process. So New alternative method is need of hours to make the knitted fabric relaxed quickly and efficiently

Objectives
To study effect of various relaxation process on

dimensional properties of weft knitted fabric and comparison with each other process. To find effectiveness of relaxation process by means of ultra sonic wave treatment. To study effect of time on ultra sonic relaxation process.

Literature review
CLASSIFICATION OF KNITTED FABRICS:

WEFT KNITTING

WARP KNTTING

RELAXATION
WHAT IS RELAXATION ?
WHY RELAXATION?

DRY

RELAXATION

WET

FULL

Material And Method

Material Specification:
Count 40 24 30 Effective fibre length 28 mm 28 mm 28 mm Tm 3.7 3.7 3.7 Cotton type J-34 J-34 J-34

Variable Under consideration

Variables Count (Ne) Stitch length(mm) Structure 1 3/30 5.3 11 rib 2 2/24 5.9 3 3/40 6.4

Half cardigan Full cardigan

Knitting machine

MODEL GAUGE

KH-313 7G 40"

KNITTING WIDTH

KNITTING SPEED

Max. 1.2 m/sec. 6 yarn carriers on three double rails. 220V, 1/3HP motor. Replaceable segment needle bed. (30" , 40") Computer control-LCD display.

YARN CARRIER POWER NEEDLE BED CONTROL SYSTEM

Methodology

Use of Ultrasonic bath Tank Dimension: LxBxH =300x150x100(mm x mm x mm) Tank capacity: 3.5 ltr Operation Frequency: 36+-3 kHz Ultrasonic power: 100w Heating - yes Drainage - No Unit Weight - 1.75 Kg With digital control panel that helps to set the time & temperature Bottom mounted ultrasonic transducers.

Principle: It works on principle CAVITATION Results in extensive relaxation of knitted fabric

Procedure: Fill the tank up to 3/4th Connect the instrument to main plug Set the timer and switch ON the instrument Immerse the completely wet sample in bath Place the lid over the tank Run the machine for set time Take out sample carefully and keep it for drying without squeezing

Video

Count

Stitch length

Str.

C/cm (dry)

c/cm (full)

c/cm (us 10)

c/cm (us 15)

c/cm (us 20)

10 10 10 12 12 12

5.5 5.5 5.5 6.12 6.12 6.12

R H F R H F

7 6 7 8 6 6

9 8 8 9 7 7

9 8 8 9 7 7

10 7 8 9 8 6

7 8 8 10 7 8

13 13
13

6.59 6.59
6.59

R H
F

5 5
5

7 6
6

8 7
8

8 8
7

8 6
8

Table : Observation for course/cm

6.12 6.12 6.12 6.59 6.59 6.59

13

H
R F H R c/cm (us 20) c/cm (us 15) c/cm (us 10) c/cm (full)

12 10

12

12

13

13

5.5

F
H R 0 2

C/cm (dry)

5.5

10

5.5

10

10

Observation for course/cm

Count

Stitch length

Str.

w/cm (dry)

w/cm (full)

w/cm (us 10)

w/cm (us 15)

w/cm (us 20)

10 10 10 12 12 12 13

5.5 5.5 5.5 6.12 6.12 6.12 6.59

R H F R H F R

12 8.95 7.42 13.8 8.85 7.05 10.2

11 8.08 6.95 12.18 7 6.31 9.11

12.6 6.5 5.8 10 6.4 5.8 8.5

11.98 7.33 5.9 9.76 6.5 5.8 11.4

12.2 7.7 6.5 12.7 6.9 6.2 9.6

13
13

6.59
6.59

H
F

8
6.63

6.66
5.3

6.1
4.7

6.98
5.12

6.15
4.9

Table : Observation for wales/cm

6.12 6.59 6.59 6.59

F H

13

13

R
F H R F H R 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 w/cm (us 20) w/cm (us 15) w/cm (us 10) w/cm (full) w/cm (dry)

12 12 12 10 10 10

13

5.5

5.5

5.5

6.12

6.12

Observation for wales/cm

Count

Stitch length

Str.

Kc (dry)

Kc (full)

Kc (us 10)

Kc (us 15)

Kc (us 20)

10 10 10 12 12 12

5.5 5.5 5.5 6.12 6.12 6.12

R H F R H F

41.3 35.7 39.2 44.56 37.2

33.3 44 44.8 43.2 44.8

47.7 43.2 45.6 57.6 41 42

59 38.15 44.8 55.26 32.6 33.6

42 47.2 44.8 53 42 45.6

40.98 45.5

13 13
13

6.59 6.59
6.59

R H
F

34.5 35.5
36.3

47.6 43.5
39

56 49
53.6

56 57.92
45.5

54.84 39.6
55.76

Table : Observation for Kc

6.59 6.59 6.59 6.12

F H R F H Kc (us 20) Kc (us 15) Kc (us 10) Kc (full) Kc (dry) F H R 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

12 12

13

13

13

6.12 5.5 5.5 5.5

6.12

10

10

10

12

Observation for Kc

Count

Stitch length

Str.

Kw (dry)

Kw (full)

Kw (us 10)

Kw (us 15)

Kw (us 20)

10 10 10 12 12 12

5.5 5.5 5.5 6.12 6.12 6.12

R H F R H F

70.8 53.2 41.5 76.87 54.87 48.15

40.7 38.92 44.8 41.02

66.78 70.7 39.95 33.04 59.92 45.5 32.64 33.06 42.24 34.8

73.2 45.43 36.4 67.31 41.4 35.34

44.44 35.1 58.46 64

13 13
13

6.59 6.59
6.59

R H
F

70.38 56.8
48.2

61.95
34.45

59.5
31.49

79.8 50.54
33.28

67 40.59
34.15

48.29 42.7

Table : Observation for Kw

6.59 6.59 6.59 6.12

F H R F H R F H R 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Kw (us 20) Kw (us 15) Kw (us 10) Kw (full) Kw (dry)

12 12 12 10 10

13

13

13

Observation for Kw

5.5

10

5.5

5.5

6.12

6.12

Conclusion
In the present research we determined a more suitable relaxation method of determining dimensional properties of plain Weft-knitted fabrics
According to the results obtained, we come to following conclusions: Yarn count, stitch length and structure have no effect on types of relaxation By using the ultrasonic relaxation process the Kc/Kw value of all the knitted fabric samples was closer to the ideal Kc/Kw value of the theoretical model for fully relaxed fabric The fully relaxed stage can be achieved sooner Effective finishing treatment with respect to the dimensional properties An energy efficient and cost saving method. Thus we propose ultrasonic relaxation treatment as a new relaxation method that is more effective with respect to knitted-fabric dimensional stability.

Scope of ultrasonic :
Because it offers a Energy saving, Process

enhancement and reduce process time So Can be used in textile wet processing like Desizing, in Scouring, in Bleaching & in many auxiliary processes of laundering, washing .

Reference
Tompkins Ernest, Science of knitting,Wiley,New York(1914)
Shinn W E,T.R.J,25(1955),p270 Shanahan & Postal, A Theoritical Analysis of Plain Knitted Fabric,T.R.J.,(1970),p656 Leaf,The Stress in a Plain Knitted Loop,JTI,(1961),52,p351

Postle,Dimensional Stability of Plain Knitted Fabric,JTI,(1968),59,p65

Mundan,Geometry & Dimension of Plain Knitted Fabric,JTI,(1960),57,p260 Knopton, TRJ(1970),40,p543 Postle, JTI,(1968),59,p65 Knopton,JTI(1975),66,P413 Postle, JTI,(1971),62,p219 Dutton,MMTI(1944),26,p508