Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities

6.5 Molar Mass

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Molar Mass
The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance the atomic mass of an element expressed in grams

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Learning Check
Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g. A. K B. Sn = = ________ ________

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Solution
Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g. A. K B. Sn = = 39.1 g 118.7 g

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Molar Mass of CaCl2

For a compound, the molar mass is the sum of the

molar masses of the elements in the formula. We calculate the molar mass of CaCl2 to the nearest 0.1 g as follows.
Element Number of Moles Atomic Mass Total Mass

Ca Cl CaCl2

1 2 1

40.1 g/mole 35.5 g/mole

40.1 g 71.0 g 111.1 g

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Molar Mass of K3PO4

Determine the molar mass of K3PO4 to 0.1 g.
Element Number of Moles Atomic Mass Total Mass in K3PO4

39.1 g/mole

117.3 g

P
O K3PO4

1
4 1

31.0 g/mole
16.0 g/mole

31.0 g
64.0 g 212.3 g

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One-Mole Quantities

32.1 g

55.9 g

58.5 g

294.2 g

342.3 g

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Guide to Calculating Molar Mass

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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Learning Check
Calculate the molar mass for Al(OH)3 to the nearest 0.1g. 1) 44.0 g/mole 2) 75.0 g/mole 3) 78.0 g/mole

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Solution
STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. Al 27.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole H 1.0 g/mole Multiply each by the subscript in the formula. 1 mole Al x 27.0 g Al = 27.0 g 1 mole Al 3 moles O x 16.0 g O = 48.0 g 1 mole O 3 moles H x 1.0 g H = 3.0 g 1 mole H Total: 1 mole of Al(OH)3 = 78.0 g (3)
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STEP 2

STEP 3

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Learning Check
Prozac, C17H18F3NO, is an antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. What is the molar mass of Prozac? 1) 40.0 g/mole 2) 262 g/mole 3) 309 g/mole

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Solution
3) 309 g/mole STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. C 12.0 g/mole H 1.0 g/mole F 19.0 g/mole N 14.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole Multiply each by the subscript in the formula. 17 moles C x 12.0 g C = 204 g 1 mole C 18 moles H x 1.0 g H = 18 g 1 mole H
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STEP 2

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Solution (continued)
STEP 2 (continued) 3 moles F x 19.0 g F 1 mole F 1 mole N x 14.0 g N 1 mole N

= 57.0 g
= 14.0 g

STEP 3

1 mole O x 16.0 g O = 16.0 g 1 mole O Total: 1 mole of C17H18F3NO = 309 g

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Conversion Factors from Molar Mass

Methane (CH4), known as natural gas, is used in gas stoves and gas heaters. 1 mole of CH4 = 16.0 g of CH4

The molar mass of methane can be written as conversion factors. 16.0 g CH4 1 mole CH4
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and

1 mole CH4 16.0 g CH4

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Learning Check
Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar. Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.

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Solution
Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar. Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.

Equality: 1 mole of acetic acid = 60.0 g of acetic acid

Molar mass conversion factors: 1 mole acetic acid and 60.0 g acetic acid 60.0 g acetic acid 1 mole acetic acid
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Guide to Calculations Using Molar Mass

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Calculating Grams from Moles

Aluminum is often used for the structure of lightweight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 moles of Al? 3.00 moles Al x 27.0 g Al 1 mole Al
mole factor for Al

= 81.0 g of Al

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Learning Check
The artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet), C14H18N2O5 , is used to sweeten diet foods, coffee, and soft drinks. How many moles of aspartame are present in 225 g of aspartame?

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Solution
STEP 1 Given: 225 g of aspartame, C14H18N2O5 STEP 2 Plan: g of aspartame moles of aspartame STEP 3 Determine molar mass of aspartame: 14(12.0) + 18(1.0) + 2(14.0) + 5(16.0) = 294 g/mole STEP 4 Set up problem to calculate the moles of aspartame: 225 g aspartame x 1 mole aspartame 294 g aspartame
mole factor (inverted)

= 0.765 mole of aspartame

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Converting Between Mass, Moles, and Particles

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