EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE:

In order to understand architecture as a complex system I compiled a comprehensive essay on the evolution of architecture. Caves 100,00 - 40,000 B.C. Pit houses, huts and tents.- Mesolithic and Neolithic era Mud brick houses-jericho and catal huyuk 8000-6000 BC Stone architecture in Britain 4000 BC Mesopotamian civilization-ziggarut 3500 BC Egyptian civilization-3000 BC Pyramids of Egypt-2500 BC Indus valley Civilization- planned houses and towns Minoan and Mycenaean civilization-cyclopean architecture Classical Greek civilization order of columns and temples Indian Civilization Temple style from Buddhist Stupa Chinese and Japanese pagodas from stupas Roman inspired by Greek added to column order, technology and structure. South east asian Buddhist architecture. Cave architecture developing Early Christian architecture Islamic architecture Romanesque and Gothic architecture Mughal architecture Rennaisance, baroque, Rococo Revival gothic, roman, Edwardian and Victorian architecture Industrial style, Chicago school, electrical and mechanical systems introduced in buildings. beaux arts, art nouveau, art deco, expressionism, Bauhaus, International style, organic architecture, constructivist, fascist, structuralism, futuristic. Glass skyscrapers, HVAC introduced. Post modernism, critical regionalism, brutalism Deconstructivism, blobitecture, responsive architecture, building automation system, intelligent buildings. Sustainable architecture, green buildings.

APPLICATION OF PHILOSOPHY IN ARCHITECTURE:

Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition Architect and planner David Pearson proposed a list of rules towards the design of organic architecture. It reads: "Let the design: be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy, conserving, and diverse. unfold, like an organism, from the seed within. (plants) exist in the "continuous present" and "begin again and again".(reproduction) follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable. (amphibians) satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs. (human body) "grow out of the site" and be unique. (vegetation) celebrate the spirit of youth, play and surprise. (growth) express the rhythm of music and the power of dance.

Frame work of research: Nature Understanding of nature Science, art, philosophy,

architecture

STANDARDS FRO SUSTAINIBLE BUILDING: