SS and SS Jr-Metal Recovery-PP

Metal & Water Recovery
through Membrane Technologies

Lecture at CES Anna University September-29-04
Er. Dr. S. Sundaramoorthy, FRSH (London)
&
[Dr]. S. Saktheeswaran, MRSH (London)
Metal & Water Recovery through Membrane Technologies
Electroplating industry generates
wastewater containing heavy
metals. Heavy metals are sources
of environmental pollution which are
toxic in very low concentration
Approaching Zero Discharge in Surface Finishing - USEPA EPA/625/R-99/008
Data Requirements for characterizing sources & discharges
Waste quantity & characterization data
Production information
Wastewater treatment & chemical additions
Water supply characteristics
Chemical use and wastes from pretreatment processing
Approaching Zero Discharge in Surface Finishing - USEPA EPA/625/R-99/008
Overall Benefits of Zero Discharge
Reduced Waste Generation
Reduced Chemical Usage
Production Improvements
Increased Regulatory Compliance
Enhanced Facility Operations
Enhanced Environmental Performance
The various technologies for wastewater treatment are

Chemical Precipitation
Evaporation
Ion Exchange
Electrowinning
Electrodialysis
Membrane Technologies

Chemical Precipitation

Age old technology - depends on precipitation of metals as its hydroxides

Various metals precipitate at varying pH thus requiring more tanks

Disposal of such metal sludge is not easy

Metals are wasted

Variation of Solubility of Metal Oxides with pH
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

S
o
l
u
b
i
l
i
t
y
Fe Oh3
Al Oh3
Cu Oh2
ZnOh2 CrOh2
PbOh2
NiOh2
CdOh2
AgOh

Evaporation

Scaling of the reactor with metals

Metals are not recovered with purity

Cost of evaporators is prohibitive for small & medium units

O&M cost is about Rs. 150 per KL

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange is a chemical reaction where ions from solutions are
exchanged for ions attached to chemically active functional groups on ion
exchange resins.

Cation resins usually exchange sodium or hydrogen ions for positively
charged cations such as nickel,copper and sodium.

Anion resins typically exchange hydroxyl ions for negatively charged ions
such as chromates,sulfates and chlorides.

Regeneration

If the column is cationic, acid is used, which exchanges hydrogen ions for
the metallic ions and for anionic columns, sodium hydroxide is used which
exchanges hydroxyl ions for negatively charged ions.

Ion Exchange - Limitations

Ion exchange may become impractical for use with TDS conc. above 500
ppm,due to the need for frequent regeneration.

Resins have different effective pH ranges. For example, iminodiacetate
chelating resin works best in a slightly acidic range.

Oxidants,solvents,organics,oil & grease can degrade resins.

Suspended solids can clog resin columns.

The problem is the disposal of the regenerated wastewaters.

The technology is not user friendly in regeneration
Electrowinning

Is an electroplating process whereby a direct current is applied and the
metal ions plate out onto a cathode. Once the cathodes capacity is
reached it is removed from the recovery cell and the recovered metal is
stripped. Cations migrate to and electrons are consumed at the cathode
(reduction). It may be reused on site or sold for scrap. Anions migrate to
and electrons are supplied at the anode (oxidation).

Electrodialysis

Uses membranes and direct electrical current to concentrate and
separate ionic contaminants found in rinse water.

The cationic exchange membranes allow metals as nickel, copper, and
zinc, to pass through. Anionic exchange membranes allow sulfates,
chlorides or cyanide, to pass through.

This process is not suitable for a once flow through arrangement as it
requires turbulent flow and removes only 20-30% of the metal solution at
each pass.


Reverse Osmosis

It is a membrane separation process that separates dissolved salts from
water using a hydrostatic pressure gradient across a membrane. An applied
hydrostatic pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure of the feed solution
causes water to flow through the membrane from the more concentrated
feed solution into the relatively low-concentration permeate solution.
This flow is the reverse of natural osmotic diffusion where water would flow
from the dilute phase into the concentrated phase rejection is observed.
Specialty membranes are available that offer an extended pH range
(1-13) and greater resistance to oxidizing chemicals.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited - Tiruchirappalli

Portable
R O Unit



0.0001 173 59 Hexavalent
Chromium
186
4.62
Concentrate
0.0001 64 Trivalent
Chromium
7.56 7.55 pH
Permeate Rinsewater Parameter

Commissioned in March 2000 at Rs 3.45 lakhs for 500 liters per day

Total permeate recycled 4,04,755 litres
Amount @ Rs. 10 per litre Rs.40.48 lakhs
Total salt recovered 895kgs
Amount @ Rs. 125 per kg Rs. 1.12 lakhs
Less Labour payment and cost of Consumables
from April 2000 to March 2003 Rs. 19.23 lakhs
Less Cost of Equipment Rs. 3.45 lakhs
Net Savings as on March 2003 Rs. 18.92 lakhs
Amount of savings on account of Recycling Rs. 41.60 lakhs

Small shed Layout - Proposed Eco - Electroplating Indl Park - Madurai
._l + l.
e+ +êe
`V
:
_
1e
.
.`
.`
`
4+]]- C) -
]] O]]C4
l

- -^
`-
`- `-^
`-^
++
__+.
e+` +
1+ 1 +^
`1
1+^

Medium shed Layout - Proposed Eco - Electroplating Indl Park - Madurai
e+ +êe
`V
:
._l + .l
_
.
.`
.`
`
4+]]- C) -
]] O]]C4
- -^
`-
`- `-^
`-^
l
++
__+.
e+` +
1+ 1 +^
`1
1e
1+^
Large shed Layout - Proposed Eco - Electroplating Indl Park - Madurai
:

e+ +êe
`V
: + .l
_
.-.
.-`.
.-`.
-.-^
`
l
4+]]- C) -
]] O]]C4
.-
.-`
.-`
-`.-^ -`.-^
-`.-
-.-
-`.- --^
-`-^ -`-^
-`-
--
-`-
l

++
__+.
++
__+.
e+` +
1+ 1 +^
`1
1e 1+^
1e 1+^
_
`
e+` +
1+ 1 +^
`1

Membrane Systems
Arrangement of Spiral Membrane Construction
Hollow Fiber Membranes
Cross section 200 um Inner Surface 1 um
The Disc Membrane
Disc membrane
of Pall Rochem
President of the United
States (George Bush)
National Medal of
Technology
Dr. David B. Pall 1990
Channel Filtration Path
Rochem Disc Tube R O Pilot Plant
Rochem Disc Tube R O Membrane system
Results of treatment of textile effluents by disc membranes
Typical Process Assembly
Typical Flat Disc array
VSEP Disc Membrane
VSEP Disc Membrane
Based on Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Principle system
The test unit and samples of
feed, permeate and reject from
textile effluent at Tirupur
Field Installation of 7,00,000 gpd ( 3 mld) system of Vsep

SS and SS Jr-Metal Recovery-PP

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

SS and SS Jr-Metal Recovery-PP

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Metal & Water Recovery

through Membrane Technologies

Metal & Water Recovery through Membrane Technologies

Anda mungkin juga menyukai