An Overview
What is FDI ???? Why we need FDI ???? What is the process of the Inflow of FDI ???? What are the benefits and costs????
Defination of FDI
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when an investor based in one country (the home country) acquires an asset in another country ( the host country) with the intent to
Types of FDI
FDI Types Purchase of existing assets Quick entry, local market know-how, local financing may be possible, eliminate competitor, buying problems New investment No local entity exists or is available for sale, local financial incentives may encourage, no inherited problems, long lead time to generation of sales or other desired outcome Participation in an international joint-venture Shared ownership with local and/or other non-local partner 4
Political stability Market potential & accessibility Large economy Market size External debt discourages FDI
6
foreign company having a stake in a public sector undertaking in a country for a long period and that company is called Multinational Enterprise.
7
While developed nations still account for the largest share of FDI inflows, FDI into developing nations has increased
Most recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia
Modes of FDI
1) By Direction * Inward *Outward 2) By Target * Mergers and Acquisitions * Horizontal FDI * Vertical FDI (a) Backward Vertical FDI (b) Forward Vertical FDI 3 )By Motive * Resource-Seeking * Market-Seeking * Efficiency-Seeking * Strategic-Asset-Seeking
9
BY TARGET
Mergers and Acquisitions Transfers of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place; Horizontal FDI Investment in the same industry abroad as a firm operates in at home. Vertical FDI *Backward Vertical FDI Where an industry abroad provides inputs for a firm's domestic production process. *Forward Vertical FDI Where an industry abroad sells the outputs of a firm's domestic production.
10
BY MOTIVE
Resource-Seeking This typifies FDI into developing countries, for example seeking natural resources in the Middle East and Africa, or cheap labor in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. Market-Seeking Investments which aim at either penetrating new markets or maintaining existing ones.. Efficiency-Seeking It is suggested that this type of FDI comes with the expectation that it further increases the profitability of the firm. Typically, this type of FDI is mostly widely practiced between developed economies; especially those within closely integrated markets (e.g. the EU).. Strategic-Asset-Seeking A tactical investment to prevent the loss of resource to a competitor. Easily compared to that of the oil producers, whom may not need the oil at present, but look to prevent their competitors from having 11 it.
RBI
FIPB
No permission required, only to notify RBI within 30 days of issue of shares to foreign investors
13
7404
6130
6051
4029
14
2006 Apr - Nov
2500
Electrical equipment including software moves to over all 2nd position in Nov 2006. Services sector shows spurt in growth and the top sector attracting FDI moving up from the third position.
1500
US $ m
Spurt in FDI in Real Estate causes the construction sector to the third position in Nov 2006.
1000
500
0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Transportation Fuels (Power & Oil Refinery) 2006 April Nov
Electrical Equipment (including Software) Chemicals (other than Fert.) Construction Activities
15
16
17
Defence products
FDI upto 26% - FIPB subject to licensing of Arms and Ammunitions
18
Electricity
FDI upto 100% under automatic route in Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Power Trading as per Electricity Act 2003
19
Upto 49%
20
Upto 100%
- FIPB - FIPB
21
22
Advantages of FDI
Infrastructure and technology transfer
Increased Productive efficiency due to competition from multinational subsidiaries
23
Advantages of FDI
Faster growth of output and employment Consumer Benefits
Price Quality Varieties
24
Advantages of FDI
Increase in Exports Increase in savings and Investment
25
Costs of FDI
Detriment of the growth of domestic producer and the national economy
26
Costs of FDI
Enviroment and natural resource costs
Abuse of local culture and traditions Ex
FDI Tourism Abuse
27
Costs of FDI
Facilitate hegemony by the dominant US and the western cultures.
TV
Entertainments
29