FINISHING AND POLISHING

The surface of the casting that is retrieved from investment is too rough for use in the mouth.Five preparatory procedures need to be performed on any type of cemented restoration after it has been fabricated

PROCEDURES
Preliminary finishing Try-in & adjustment Pre-cementation polishing Cementation polishing Post-cementation finishing

 The internal and external aspects of restoration are handled differently. External surface smooth &perfect uninterrupted transition from restoration to tooth Rough surface plaque accumulationinjurious to health of periodontal tissue Try in satin finish after chairside adjustment high luster Finishing&polishing- accomplished with fixed routine-coarse and fine

ABRASIVES AND POLISHING MATERIALS

ABRASIVES:exceptionally hard material that develop sharp cutting edges when they are chipped. POLISHING MATERIALS:abrasives of softer material that are reduced to extremely fine particle size.

COMMONLY USED ABRASIVES AND POLISHING MATERIALS

DIAMOND SILICON CARBIDE EMERY ALUMINIUM OXIDE GARNET SAND CUTTLE TRIPOLI ROUGE TIN OXIDE

COMMONLY USED FORMS

SEPARATING DISCS MOORES DISC HEATLESS STONES BUSCH SILENT STONES GREEN STONES PINK STONES WHITE STONES RUBBER WHEEL AND POINTS

ZONES OF FINISHING AND POLISHING

ZONE 1:INTERNAL MARGIN ZONE 2:INTERNAL SURFACE ZONE 3:SPRUE ZONE 4:PROXIMAL CONTACT ZONE 5:OCCLUSAL SURFACE ZONE 6:AXIAL WALL ZONE 7:EXTERNAL MARGIN

PRELIMINARY FINISHING OF GOLD RESTORATION

PROCEDURES

Inspect under surface of cast under magnification for small nodules or bubbles Remove nodule with no:330 bur in high speed .Trace negative angles on inside of occlusal surface with tip of bur Ideally the cast should touch the die only in the marginal region there should be a slight gap every where else for future cementation. A uniform space of 25 35micrometer necessary If nodules present removed with round carbide bur

Use a separating disc to cut the sprue from the casting Diagonal cutting plier may be used. Hold hand piece with a firm pen grasp while cutting the sprue next to the casting Avoid tipping the disc- if a disc binds in the cut grooves it may flip the casting out of our hand After removing the sprue , use separating to trim the remaining portion of sprue attachment on the casting until the contour in that area is continuous with the contour of the restoration surrounding the sprue

Sprue immediately adjacent to the casting is removed with separating disc

Use coarse rubber disc-to smooth away the roughness left by the separating disc. Use finer Burlew/gold lustre blue disc in similar manner after coarse disc-now entire surface smooth with satin finish Axial surface finished to the margin-do not extend over the margin-seat the restoration on the cast Adjust the interproximal area-until restoration seats completely with contacting adjacent teeth

Axial surfaces are smoothed with Burlew wheel

Adjust occlusion in articulator-centric&eccentric Remove restoration from working cast and place it back to die No:0-bud finish bur to smooth grooves on occlusal surface Smooth cusp tips and blend them into the grooves on the occlusal surface with a small rubber sulci disc External surface should have a satin like finish produced by Burlew rubber polishing wheel

TRY-IN & ADJUSTMENT

If careful and gentle no need of anesthesia Patients unimpaired tactile sense can be valuable during adjustment of occlusion Small safety ring provided by cutting a thin slice from hollow sprue
Attach it to the wax pattern where it will not interfere with occlusion Thread floss through the ring before trying casting in the mouth.

A safety ring may be fashioned by cutting a thin slice from hollow sprue

Ring is luted to wax pattern

A length of dental floss is looped through the ring on the casting

Floss is allowed to hang out the corner of the mouth

 Remove provisional restoration by grasping the buccal and lingual surface with tips of backhaus towel forceps and rocking it to the facial and lingual. Remove the left cement particles Wipe of prepared surface with cotton pellet ( dry ) Wash with luke warm water

Provisional restoration removed with backhaus forceps

A)Richwil crown remover soaked in hot water B)patient closes on softened cube C)patient opens quickly and forcefully to remove crown

Evaluation of restoration in following sequence:

Proximal contact Margins Occlusion Contour Esthetics

Proximal contact neither too tight nor too light. Place the restoration on the tooth & seat it with firm finger pressure. Do not mallet / apply occlusal pressure. Crown can be removed with Richwil crown remover soaked in hot tap water for 1min Patient closes on the softened cube Patient opens quickly and forcefully to remove crown

Adjustment of proximal surface contact

 Test for proximal contact with waxed dental floss Satin finish on gold restoration advantageousshiny burnished area where tight contact occurs

Marginal adaptation
After proximal contact corrected seat restoration and examine margin closelyshould not be ; Overextended Under extended Too thick Open- gap greater than 50m

Various materials used to detect discrepancies

Chloroform & rouge / thinned typewriter correction fluid-painted in the internal surface Thin layer of dry aerosol indicators sprayed DISCLOSING WAX: Fill restoration full of disclosing wax Heat in flame to flow the wax & adhere to inner surface Teeth wet with saliva( avoid sticking of wax) Wax solidified seat restoration hold for 10 sec then remove

Areas of metal tooth contact appear as shiny spot devoid of wax Relief impinging areas with no:30 burallow restoration to seat further Remove disclosing material by swabbing with chloroform and sand blasting Tooth cleaned with cavilax

GOLD MARGIN FINISHING

2 types of margins- sub gingival & supragingival Casting placed on prepared tooth and have the patient seat it by closing on plastic bite wafer/wooden stick Burnishing and marginal adaptation with dull spratley knife(30m adaptation) Finishing with white stone (60m adaptation) Final precementation smoothening with 3/8 inch cuttle disc

All accessible margins are burnished intraorally with a smooth dull instrument

Margins are finished with a white stone rotating from gold to tooth

OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT
Ask the patient to close in customary position Check if patient can hold the shim in between adjacent teeth with crown out if not the crown too high Ask the patient to bite in centric relation

Force until all teeth touch

Cntd..
If mandible shifts to side of restoration If mandible shifts away from restoration

Buccal incline of maxillary lingual cusp / lingual incline of mandibular buccal cusp adjusted

BULLS

If patient can hold shim stock on adjacent teeth with the crown out,but not with it , the crown is too high

Premature contact on buccal incline of maxillary lingual cusp produces buccal shift to mandible

Premature contact on lingual slope of maxillary buccal cusp produces lingual shift of mandible

Premature contact on lingual incline of maxillary lingual cusp produces lingual shift of the mandible

NON WORKING MOVEMENTS

Non working interference

NON WORKING MOVEMENTS

Working interference

CONTOUR
Improper contour-impaired gingival health Excessive convexity near gingival margin

Plaque accumulation

ESTHETICS
Restoration viewed from conversational distance- see if contours harmonize with rest of patients dentition Let patient look in a mirror

PRE CEMENTATION POLISHING

Polished to high shine

polish axial surface with Tripoli on soft bristle brush

occlusal anatomy restored (171 L carbide bur )

Shiny finish

Matt finish (sandblasting)

Enable observation of facets/burnishing produced by occlusal contact after casting in mouth

Masking tape is wrapped around the casting

Only the occlusal surface left uncovered

Casting placed in sand blaster

Air brush used to apply a matte finish to occlusal surface of the casting

POST CEMENTATION FINISHING

 Occlusion checked Finishing with fine rubber point White polishing stone with lubrication (petrolatum) To inaccessible areas Fine cuttle disc Pumice and rubber cup FINAL POLISHING by intraoral amalgloss

Thank you