Database Concepts
Data is any unorganized text, graphics, sounds, or videos A database is a collection of data Database programs enable people to add, sort, group, summarize, and print data Information is data that has been processed in a meaningful and useful way
Databases The top layer made of one or more data files (Example: ABC Company Address Book Mailing list, Employee list, Vendor list)
Data Type
Data usually consists of text, numbers, currency, and dates Logical data Only yes or no answers are allowed Objects Non-textual data Binary large objects (BLOBs) Very large objects Default value Pre-defined values such as todays date
Data Type
One field in a record is identified as the key field or primary key The key field must be a unique entry such as a social security number or student ID
Data integrity security isdatarefers Data independence validity of the Data is the refers to how Data maintenance Avoidance of the Data integrity data. is stored soprocedures be to data unavailability can forused to the that it of data to redundancy refers Data different typesthe applicationof with validation whoof repetition people defines acceptable adding, updating, and avoiding would misuse Data independence input programs. data. records. it. deleting Avoidance of data redundancy ranges for each field. Types of data validation are: from Data is also protected Data security Alphabetic check loss due to equipment Numeric check failure. Data maintenance Range check Consistency check Completeness check
EISs support strategic decisions made by top level management that will affect the entire company
EISs filter critical information so that trends are apparent
Expert Systems
Expert systems are systems that deal with expert knowledge in a particular area
Expert systems:
Help in making decisions Use artificial intelligence principles Provide technical support for customers
Summary
Database software transforms data into information Information is data that is organized to be meaningful and useful A database file is made of: Characters Fields Records File management programs work with one database file DBMSs can work with two or more database files at a time A good database system contains: Data integrity Data independence Data redundancy avoidance measures Data security Data maintenance procedures
Summary continued
A computer information system provides essential services to an organization Information systems include: Transaction processing systems (TPS) Management information systems (MIS) Decision support systems (DSS) Executive information systems (EIS) Knowledge management systems (KMS) Expert systems (ES) Computers and databases provide an indispensable resource for the retail sector