Definition of endodontic
In the later part of the 19th and the first part of the 20 century endodontic
Definition of endodontic
American association of endodontist AAE :
Endodontics is that branch of dentistry that is concerned with the morphology, physiology and pathology of the human dental pulp and periapical
tissues.
Scope of endodontics
Differential diagnosis and treatment of oral pain of pulpal and/or periapical origin, or refer pain. Vital pulp therapy (pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexogenesis, and apexification). non-surgical treatment of root canal systems with or without periapical pathosis of pulpal origin. Surgical procedure:root-end resection, hemisection,bicuspidization,root resection,and root-end filling. Root repair procedures related to pathologic or iatrogenic pathosis/damage. Intentional replantation Management of traumatic tooth injuries. Interrelationship between pulpal and periodontal disease. Endodontic endosseous implant (diodontic tooth implant). Bleaching of discolored dentin and enamel.
Differential diagnosis and treatment of oral pain of pulpal and/or periapical origin, or refer pain.
non-surgical treatment of root canal systems with or without periapical pathosis of pulpal origin.
Intentional replantation
Revision of previosly treated root canal systems both non-surgical and surgical.
Cure of toothache
Ebers Papyrus 1500 BC
curing the gnowing of the blood in the tooth The fruit of the gebu plant one thirty second part Onion- one sixty fourth part
Cure of toothache
Archigenes of Apamea first century
Remedy for odontalgia made by:
Boiling gallnuts
Hallicacabum in vinegar
Concoction of roasted earth-worm Spikenard ointment
Egg of spiders
Cure of toothache
Middle ages Strong belief that tooth decay was caused by tooth worms 1700 Leeuwenhoek identified the source of the tooth worm
Use of cautery
The Five Periods Pre Science : 1776 to 1826 Age of Discovery : 1826 to 1876 The Dark Age : 1876 to 1926 The Renaissance : 1926 to 1976 Innovation Era : 1977 to 1998
1756 Phillip Pfaff dentist to Frederick the Great used gold or lead for
pulp capping.
as "A mausoleum of gold over a mass of sepsis". This helped popularize the
"Theory of Focal Infection" that was directed at the pulpless tooth for some 25 years.
Hatton mouth and teeth are easily examined due to their position
Pulpless teeth are not dead teeth , embeded in a highly vascular fibrous membrane, can be Tx it.
kakehashi study
1965 The most important study in endodontic which change our concept. role of bacteria
Quality & success of endodontic practice, control of microbiologic populations have impact on lessening the intensity of the focal infection concept.
References
Pathway of the pulp 2011 s.cohen Principle and practice of endodontic 2008 torabinejad
Thank you
1888 WD Miller believed that the decomposed infected pulp caused dental alveolar abscesses. He described the mouth as a focus of infection. Later emphasized by GV Black in 1890. 1909 EC Rosenow and Frank Billings developed the "Theory of Focal Infection". 1910 William Hunter attacked American dentistry and described the gold crown as "A mausoleum of gold over a mass of sepsis". This helped popularize the "Theory of Focal Infection" that was directed at the pulpless tooth for some 25 years. 1921 Rosenow (Mayo Clinic) adhered to belief that once a tooth was infected, it was always infected. 1943 American Association of Endodontists was formed. 1963 Endodontics is recognized as a specialty by the ADA.
Pre-Science: In the era of Pre-Science, endodontic therapy consisted mainly of crude modalities like large abcesses being treated with various poultices or leeches, and pulps being cauterized with red hot cauteries. Note must be made that in this period there are instances of entire root canals filled with gold foil.
Age of Discovery: The next half century saw an establishment of the science of dentistry as a whole, publication of a dental journal and formation of proper dental schools. The discovery of anaesthesia gave a big fillip to dental treatment and made it so much more easier and possible to carry out procedures. Gutta percha points were created to fill root canals and barbed broaches became available for cleaning and enlarging canals. Medications were created for treating pulpal infections and cements were discovered to fill them. At the same time, an entire lot of dental practitioners were driving wooden pegs into the pulp to debride the canal.
The Dark Age: Even though this era saw the discovery of the X-ray and advancement of general anaesthesia to local anaesthesia, dentistry and endodontics took a total back seat and mostly moved in reverse gear. The theory of focal infection which gained momentum and ground, saw wholesale extraction of teeth and very little endodontics being practiced. Hardly any innovation took place and it was well after the Second World War that we saw some logic and reason return to endodontics.
The Renaissance: This is the golden period of endodontics which saw it being firmly established as a science and therapy. Better anaesthesia, better radiographs and a host of root canal medicaments appeared on the scene. The focal infection theory started dying out and more and more of endodontics was being practiced. This era saw the first text book on endodontics becoming available "Root Canal Therapy" by Dr. Grossman. Root canal instruments got standardized and became available more readily. This era also saw the establishment of the American Association of Endodontics and the American Board of Endodontics.
Innovation Era: The period from 1976 onwards has seen a breathtaking advancement happening in Endodontic therapy at a very rapid pace. Improved and better forms of biomechanical preparation are being churned out. Obturation techniques are becoming simpler, easier and faster. The single visit endodontic therapy concept is almost globally being accepted by all schools of thought. Improved visibility is now available with the advent of the endo microscope. Newer, better and more reliable apex locators are challenging the need for radiographs. Even though not a replacement, apex locators are excellent tools to make life much more easier for the dentist practicing endodontic therapy.
seltzer & bender , discourage the use of VPT for carious exposure
Cvek , use of VPT for immature teeth (apexogenesis)