ELMAGUIN, John Carlo N. MONTALBAN, Michael Angelo F. PLAZA, Clint John B. SAN DIEGO, Bryan D.

SANTOS, Mark Genesis B. TUGADO, Catherine B. BS Physics II-1 Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila
1

Introduction Experimental Details Results and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation References

Objective
to construct a working improvised thermometer

with a high range of accuracy.

Scopes and Limitations

The study limits itself with the use of TTC 015 15

thermistor, temperature range of 0 oC to 100 oC and a DC 12V.

Wheatstone Bridge
is a device used to determine the value of an unknown resistor by comparison with the three known resistor whose resistances can be varied. is said to be balanced when there is no current on the circuit.

Figure 1. The Wheatstone Bridge

is mostly used as a voltage regulator on a power supply and as a detector of small changes in resistance.

Thermistor

Figure 2. NTC Thermistor

a thermally sensitive semiconductor resistor whose resistance depends on the temperature. Exhibits large changes in resistance with small change in temperature. resistance with temperature can result to in a negative coefficient of resistance (NTC thermistor); where the resistance decreases with an increase in temperature. Beta parameter of a thermistor is the characteristic of a thermistor in terms of resistance with respect to the temperature will follow the absolute value of its temperature within limits and with small degree of error.

http://www.jestineyong.com/ntc-thermistor/

The relationship of resistance with respect to the temperature is determined by this equation, (1) Equating (2) where; Resistance at T2

Initial Resistance at T1
Temperature of the thermistor Temperature of the thermistor where R1 is measured. Thermistor constant.

The Beta Value

is usually specified by most thermistor manufacturers usually based on a type of material which the thermistor is made of.

Ohms Law
states that the current through a conductor between two points were directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points but inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
(3) where; V = Voltage R = Resistance and; I = Current

Series Connection of Resistors

had current equal in each of them. the equivalent resistance of the resistors were the summation of the individual resistances.

(4)

Figure 3. Series connection of Resistors.

Parallel Connection of Resistors

the potential difference in the circuit was the same in each resistor. The equivalent resistance of the resistors in parallel connections were the reciprocal of the summation of all individual resistances.

(5)

Figure 4. Parallel connection of Resistors.

10

Apparatus and materials

Figure 5. 15 Thermistor.

Figure 6. 20 Resistors.

Figure 7. 10 Resistors.

Figure 8. Styro cups.

11

http://solderslingers.com/cart/index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=186

Apparatus and materials

Figure 9. Styrofoam.

Figure 10. Thermometer.

Figure 11. Digital Multimeter.

Figure 12. Wires

12

Apparatus and materials

Figure 13. NIMultisim v11.0.

Figure 14. Printed Circuit Board.

Figure 15. AC-DC Converter.

13

Calibration of the Thermistor

22

Constructing the Wheatstone Bridge

22

Table 1.The average of the three trials for the Calibration of TTC 015 Thermistor.

The table shows the average data gathered on the experiment on the calibration of the TTC 015 using a digital thermometer

16

The graph shows the relationship of the temperature (x-axis) and the resistance (y-axis) of the thermistor produced of the average trials done on the experiment.
Figure 17. Resistance vs. Temperature graph for the calibration of the thermistor

17

Table 2.Voltage produced by the bridge

The table shows the data gathered on the experiment using the Wheatstone bridge with the Thermistor as the variable resistor, acting as the thermal sensor. It also shows the percentage error of the device when compared to the true value.

18

Conclusion

the device is capable of getting the temperature from 0 oC to 100 oC. the device has an error not exceeding 10% due to the devices limitations, such as their accuracy and precision.

Recommendation

Have thermometer which could measure accurately.

19

[1]Young, Freedman, Ford, University Physics with Modern Physics, 12th Edition, Year [2]http://www.jestineyong.com/ntc-thermistor Date retrieved: September 21, 2012 [3]http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinhart%E2%80%93Hart_equation Date retrieved: September 21, 2012 [4]http://wuntronic.de/sensors/thermcal.htm Date Retrieved: September 21, 2012 [5] Thermistor. (2012). Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite . Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

20

Thank you for listening!

21