What is MIS MIS in todays context is

A computer based information system Which makes the best possible use of communication & IT To deliver information to its users at different levels of Management and organization as a whole for decision making.

IN Right time , Right quantity , Right quality ,Right form

Also Preserves, protects ,filters ,blocks and suppresses info as required

Challenges in Present Industry

Demand
Increasing New, innovative services/products Need to be connected

Technology
Rapid changes

Value Chain

Growth of the Internet Declining prices

Build, Operate, and Maintain Network

Develop Products, Services, and Support Capabilities

Market and Sell Services, Provide Customer Care

Deregulation
Liberalization /globalization across markets and services

Competition
Entry of multiple competitors Greater specialization

Enterprise Management Processes

ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
Strategic & Enterprise Planning Brand Management, Market Research & Advertising Stakeholder & External Relations Management Disaster Recovery, Security & Fraud Management

Financial & Asset Management

Human Resources Management

Research & Development, Technology Acquisition

Enterprise Quality Management, Process & IT Planning & Architecture

These processes involve the knowledge of Enterprise-level actions and needs, and encompasses all business management processes necessary to support the rest of the enterprise. These processes are necessary in any business because they are needed to run the business at the enterprise level, to direct the business, and are critical to support the direct and indirect Customer Processes. Includes Financial Management, Legal Management, Regulatory Management, etc.

Enterprise Mgt Process Decomposition

Strategic & Enterprise Planning Financial & Asset Management Enterprise Stakeholder & External Risk Management Relations
Management

Enterprise Effectiveness Management

Human Resources Management

Knowledge & Research Management

Strategic Business Planning Business Development Enterprise Architecture Management Group Enterprise Management

Financial Management

Business Continuity Management Security Management

Corporate Comms & Image Mgt Community Relations Management Shareholder Relations Management Regulatory Management

Process Management & Support Enterprise Quality Management Program & Project Management Enterprise Performance Assessment Facilities Management & Support

HR Policies & Practices

Knowledge Management

Asset Management

Organization Development

Research Management

Procurement Management

Fraud Management

Workforce Strategy

Technology Scanning

Audit Management

Workforce Development Employee & Labor Relations Mgt

Insurance Management

Legal Management Board & Shares/Secur. Management

Level 1 Level 2

Paradigm Shift >>

Traditional
Cost Quality Productivity Market Segment Task productivity Efficiency Delivery Promise Function Overhead

20th Century
Value Satisfaction Performance Niche Process Productivity Effectiveness Service Promise Process Overhead

Information Concepts
Whats the goodinformation we Want How can we get information Information Characteristics Data >information > Knowledge > Intelligence Data Updates the level of knowledge Transaction Presented in Processing Information right form Reduces uncertainty Observation Accuracy Knowledge Useful inDecision Making Survey Marketing Survey Frequency

Has a time and surprise value Kensy Private Scope agencies Gartner ,Mc
Relevance to decision making Publication Govt,CII,FICCI,UNO

Completeness
Time scale

Use of MIS
Goal Setting Policy Making
Top
Precise ,Consice

Value of Information
Very High Useful for high risk and uncertainty situations
High Meeting risky situations
Un structured

Strategic Planning
Decision Making Problem solving

Accurate
Futuristic

Exception Analytical Past Present Future Summarized Processed Current

Adhoc Unformatted Frequent mods

Middle

Planning & scheduling Goal Setting Problem solving & Meeting Targets Status Finding

Supervisory

Low meeting certainty situations Low

Given at fixed Intervals Display & Print

Operational

Detailed Current

Large volume Print

Management Levels

Nature of Information

Reporting Media & Structure

Organization Pyramid & Information Concepts

System Concepts

What ??

A set of functional elements arranged in orderly manner to accomplish an objective Environment

Input

Process

Output

Correction

Feedback

Generic System Model Control System Model

CBIS

Input Documents /raw data

Process

Output

CBIS IT or IS
Batch Processing System Transaction Processing System ( TPS) Standalone Application ( Legacy Applications ) Integrated Applications ( Legacy Systems) IMIS

Decision Support System ( DSS ) Strategic Information System ( SIS )

Executive Information Systems ( EIS)

ERP with workflow Management

OSS /BSS NMS

What makes a CBIS

Network Devices Software

Hardware HUB Operating System ( Network ) Desktop/Laptop /PDA Switch SoftwareServer Servers Database,Appl,Web,Mail,Report, External Storage Systems Router Database systems DBMS UPS Modems Software Input Software ApplicationDevices
Interface Software FET ,Web,devices

Building Blocks
Sales Office Headquarters Mainframe Firewall Campus Backbone Public Web Server AAA Server Intranet Servers ISDN
PSTN

Gateway Internet

3178454

Token Card

Decision Support System

M o d e l s A n a l y s i s

Comm unicati on Netwo D rk S

S User Interfa ce

Knowl edge Docu ments Data

Model-driven DSS -emphasizes access to and manipulation of a statistical, financial,

optimization, or simulation model. Model-driven DSS use data and parameters provided by users to assist decision makers in analyzing a situation; they are not necessarily data Communication intensive Behavioural-Trend Forecasting,Statistical Management Science Budgetary ,Cost Accounting,ABC Analysis,PPC Knowledge Operational Research-Algebra,Calculus,Probability,set theory

Network

Communication-driven DSS -supports more than one person working on a

shared task; examples include integrated tools like Microsoft's NetMeeting or Groove Models

Documents

Group DSS or GDSS Data DSS emphasizes access to and manipulation Analysis Data-driven DSS or data-oriented DSS
of a time series of internal company data and, sometimes, external data.

Knowledge-driven DSS provides specialized problem solving expertise stored as

facts, rules, procedures, or in similar structures.

Tradeoff-driven DSS is a (possibly collaborative) decision support system that

assists in making decisions involving trade-offs between different advantages and User Interface disadvantages, using experts' knowledge.

Enterprise Information System

A computing system that is of "enterprise class". This means typically
offering high quality of service, dealing with large volumes of data capable of supporting some large organization Provides a technology platform that enable organizations to integrate and coordinate their business processes. They provide a single system that is central to the organization and ensure that information can be shared across all functional levels and management hierarchies. Enterprise systems are invaluable in eliminating the problem of information fragmentation caused by multiple information systems in an organization, by creating a standard data structure. Would typically be operated by professional system administrators and be deployed on dedicated servers. It would typically offer network connectivity and provide services that supported the operations carried out by the enterprise.

Enterprise Architecture Planning

Planning Inititiation Business Modelling Data Architecture Current Systems & Technology Technology Architecture

Layer 1

Layer 2
Layer 3 Layer 4

Application Architecture

Implementation / Migration Plan

Enterprise Architecture Planning

Where weget there in future we are How we want today Wherewe start to be Where Business modeling Implementation Migration plans Data Architecture starting EAP on the right track Planning Initiation Compilesequence for implementing business Define a knowledge base about the applications Application architecture Which methodology to use Information required in conducting the business Schedule for applications Technology architecture Who should be involved Current Systems and technology What toolset to use Summary of applications,data , technology platforms
Which provide baseline for long range migration plans

EAP Steps
Steps
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Planning Initiation Business Modeling Enterprise Survey Current systems & Technology Data Architecture Application Architecture Technology Architecture Implementation Plan Planning Conclusion Transition to Implementation

Deliverables
Scope Objectives Vision Methodology planning Organization Structure Preliminary Functional business model Complete Functional Business Model Information Resource Catalogue System Semantics Entities ERD Entity to function atrix, Data Architecture Report Definition of Applications,Application Matrices ,Impact Analysis , Application architecture Report Data / Application Distribution Architecture Technology architecture Report Application Sequence, Migration plan,CBA ,recommendations Final Report Presentation Improvements to Organization,policies,standards,procedures

The Enterprise Framework (John Zachman)

DATA What FUNCTION
List of Processes the Business Performs

How

NETWORK Where
List of Locations in which the Business Operates

PEOPLE

Who

When
List of Events Significant to the Business

MOTIVATIONWhy
List of Business Goals/Strat

List of Things Important SCOPE to the Business (CONTEXTUAL)

List of Organizations Important to the Business

SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL)

Planner

ENTITY = Class of Business Thing e.g. Semantic Model

Function = Class of Business Process e.g. Business Process Model

Node = Major Business Location e.g. Business Logistics System

People=Major Organizations e.g. Work Flow Model

Ends/Means=Major Bus. Goal/ Time = Major Business Event Critical Success Factor e.g. Master Schedule e.g. Business Plan

Planner

ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL)

ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL)

Owner SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL)

Ent = Business Entity Proc. = Business Process Reln = Business Relationship I/O = Business Resources e.g. Logical Data Model e.g. Application Architecture

Node = Business Location Link = Business Linkage e.g. Distributed System Architecture

People = Organization Unit Work = Work Product e.g. Human Interface Architecture

Time = Business Event Cycle = Business Cycle e.g. Processing Structure

End = Business Objective Means = Business Strategy e.g., Business Rule Model

SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL)

Designer

Ent = Data Entity Reln = Data Relationship e.g. Physical Data Model

Node = I/S Function Proc .= Application Function (Processor, Storage, etc) I/O = User Views Link = Line Characteristics e.g. System Design

People = Role Work = Deliverable

Time = System Event Cycle = Processing Cycle

End = Structural Assertion Means =Action Assertion e.g. Rule Design

Designer TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL)

TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL)

e.g. Technology Architecture e.g. Presentation Architecture e.g. Control Structure

Builder DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OFCONTEXT) SubContractor FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE

Ent = Segment/Table/etc. Reln = Pointer/Key/etc. e.g. Data Definition

Proc.= Computer Function I/O = Data Elements/Sets e.g. Program

Node = Hardware/System Software Link = Line Specifications e.g. Network Architecture

People = User Work = Screen Format e.g. Security Architecture

Time = Execute Cycle = Component Cycle e.g. Timing Definition

End = Condition Means = Action e.g. Rule Specification

DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OF CONTEXT) Contractor FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE

Ent = Field Reln = Address e.g. DATA

Proc.= Language Stmt I/O = Control Block e.g. FUNCTION

Node = Addresses Link = Protocols e.g. NETWORK

People = Identity Work = Job e.g. ORGANIZATION

Time = Interrupt Cycle = Machine Cycle e.g. SCHEDULE

End = Sub-condition Means = Step e.g. STRATEGY

DB Vs filesystems
Data

redundancy & inconsistancy Difficulty in accessing data Data Isolation Integrity problems Atomicity Problems Concurrent access anamolies Security problems

Data views
Physical Logical View

levels

Database system structure

Storage

Manager

Authorization

and integrity Manager Transaction Manager File Manager Buffer Manager

Database System objects

Data

files Data Dictionary Indices Forms Reports Query defs Libs

Metropolitan-Area Network (MANs)

Storage-Area Networks (SANS)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Benefits of VPNs

Intranet and Extranet VPN