3G RF Optimization

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3G RF Optimization
ISSUE 1.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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This lecture introduces the various stages involved in optimizing a 3G radio network and focuses on the RF Optimization phase. Step-by-step approach for the analysis of drive test data collected by scanner and test UE is presented. The analysis is carried out using the post processing tool, Genex Assistant. In addition, as the network matures, the optimization work should be enhanced to take into account traffic statistical data and key performance index collected throughout the network.
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Page 1
Chapter 1 Optimization Phases Chapter 2 RF Optimization
Chapter 3 RF Analysis Approaches

Chapter 4 Antenna Adjustment Example Chapter 5 Drop Call Analysis Example
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Network Optimization Phases Flow Chart
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Network Optimization Phases Step 1
Single Site Verification
To verify the functionality of every new site.

Objectives
To ensure there are no faults related to
site installation or parameter settings.
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RF Optimization
Once all the sites in a given area are integrated and verified, RF (or Cluster) optimization could begin.
Objectives
To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping interference and pilot pollution under control over the target area. This phase also includes the verification and optimization of the 3G neighbor lists.
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Services Testing & Parameter Optimization
To be conducted in areas of good RF conditions in order to exclude any coverage issues. Such testing does not need to be performed for each cell but the
drive route must include different clutter types and

environments.
Objectives
To assess the performance and identify any need for specific parameter optimization.
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Regular Reference Route Testing & Stats Analysis
Constant monitoring and evaluation of the network performance can be based on field testing as well as network statistics analysis. Results of the regular analysis may necessitate re-visits to the RF optimization and/or parameters tuning.
Objectives
To identify any new issues that could arise, for example, as a result of increase in traffic or changes in the environment.
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RF Optimization - Preparation
Clutters
RF optimization should be carried out for groups or clusters of sites rather than on single site basis.
Drive Routes
Cluster drive test should include the coverage areas of per cell and all the main roads, streets and any other important locations.
Tools
DTI scanner Huawei U626 GENEX Assistant
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RF Optimization - Targets
Item Target CPICH RSCP Minimum -95 dBm Requirements - 85 dBm Comments Corresponds to outdoor measurements. Applicable for unloaded network. Minimum Active Set size (estimated) Target - 14 dB 3 Based on scanner data. % of time a cell is seen as a pilot polluter. Relative to best server when cell is not in Active Set. Assuming 21 dBm max. For e1a, e1b & e1c
Target
CPICH Ec/Io
-8 dB
Max % Pilot pollution Threshold UE Tx power SHO Success rate Max Target
< 10 %
8 dB <15 dBm >95 %
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RF Optimization - Solutions
Antenna tilt Antenna azimuth Antenna location
Antenna height
Antenna type Site location New site
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RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

Cells with no dominance at all
A site was not radiating during the drive survey Very poor dominance can also be caused by blocking of the antenna. So a site visit must be made to verify the antenna clearance.
Cells with either excessive or poor dominance
This could be due to a high site or non-optimum antenna tilts. Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to adjacent cells resulting in poor capacity.
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Areas of non-dominance:
Areas where there is not a single clear dominant cell and where the best server changes too frequently. Result: Excessive soft handover events reduce the system efficiency and increase the probability of call drops.
UE vs. Scanner Best Serving Cells:
Comparison between the UE and scanner SC plots. Significant differences between the plots may indicate a
missing neighbor or failed soft handover problem.
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RF Analysis Approaches CPICH Coverage

Check areas of poor coverage, suggestion
value as below: Good: RSCP -85 dBm Fair: -95 dBm RSCP < -85 dBm
Poor: RSCP < - 95 dBm

Examine the RSCP coverage on per cell basis
in order to highlight any cells that have too large a footprint.
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RF Analysis Approaches CPICH Coverage
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RF Analysis Approaches Interference

CPICH Ec/Io Plot
Good: Ec/Io -8 dB Fair: -14 dB Ec/Io < -8 dB Poor: Ec/Io < - 14 dB
The -8 dB threshold takes into account the expected future interference increase as a result of increased traffic.
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-14 -15 -16 -104 -17 -18 -19 -20 Ec/Io RSCP -105 -110 -115 -120 -15.5 -90 -95 -100
Whats the problem?
Because the RSCP Level is poor, and the fundamental cause of low Ec/Io is poor coverage
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-14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 Ec/Io RSCP -15.5 -63 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90
Whats the problem?
RSCP level is good, and this will imply strong system interference
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RF Analysis Approaches UL Coverage

Uplink Coverage (UE Tx Power)
High UE Tx power means possible poor uplink coverage. Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink.
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RF Analysis Approaches UL Coverage
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RF Analysis Approaches Pilot Pollution

Pilot Pollution Point Define:
Not all pilots in the active set

Within a certain margin of the best server (the margin is set to 5dB) PCPICH RSCP of Best server must be greater than the minimum threshold
Cells which are frequently seen as polluters (e.g.
>8% time) should be marked and investigated.

Pilot Pollution results should be used in
conjunction with the Estimated Active Set Size
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-60 -65 RSCP (dBm) -70 -75 -62 Margin
-64
-66
-80
-85 -90 SC1 SC2 Active Set SC3
-68
-69 -81
SC4
SC5
SC6 Not Pilot Pollution
Pilot Pollution
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SC 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 32 35 37 43 48 53 67 80 130 Count 206 165 157 156 148 135 95 94 76 74 73 56 54 39 33 19 8 7 3 2 2 % in Pollution Set 12.9% 10.3% 9.8% 9.7% 9.2% 8.4% 5.9% 5.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 3.5% 3.4% 2.4% 2.1% 1.2% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Should be investigated
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Estimated Active Set Size
Another useful measure of pilot pollution is by looking at the estimated active set based on the scanner data. This plot is obtained by modeling the
network soft handoff parameters within Actix.

In order to see areas of excessive SHO candidates, the estimated active set size is allowed to exceed maximum of 3. This can be done in conjunction with the Pilot pollution analysis.
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Estimated Active Set Size Example
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RF Analysis Approaches Neighbor List

Neighbor List Verification
The neighbor list could be verified and optimized using the Neighbor List Verification tool within Actix.
Recommendations for Each Cell:
Retain: This indicates that those neighbors have been confirmed from the drive survey data. Add: Missing neighbors Remove: These neighbors that were not measured but are in the neighbor list.
Careful consideration is needed prior to removing neighbours since the Actix results are drive route dependent.
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RF Analysis Approaches Neighbor List

Neighbor List Verification Example
Sample Sample Action Nbr SC Count Count
576 Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Add Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove 018 010 016 032 011 130 021 008 020 012 017 053 019 034 037 013 051 82 46 31 20 18 17 17 12 6 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
SC
009
Cell
70548
Site
Ajman Central
Latitude
25.41204
Longitude
55.447
%
14.2% 8.0% 5.4% 3.5% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 2.1% 1.0% 0.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
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RF Analysis Approaches SHO

UE SHO Performance
The success rates for event 1a, 1b & 1c and can be obtained from Actix
Number of Active Set Updates
Event Count Event 1a 328 Event 1b 306 Event 1c 64
Number of Active Set Update Completes

Event Count Event 1a 326 Event 1b 305 Event 1c 62
Soft-Handover Success Rate

Event Rate Event 1a 99.4 Event 1b 99.7 Event 1c 96.9
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RF Analysis Approaches Call Drop

Drop Call Analysis - RF related issues :
Poor coverage (RSCP & Ec/Io) High interference and hence poor Ec/Io Poor uplink coverage (insufficient UE Tx power) Poor dominance (best cell changes too frequently resulting in too many SHO events) Pilot pollution (too many cells present) Missing neighbors Fast change of RF conditions (e.g. turning a corner)
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Drop Call Analysis Example 1
RSCP & Ec/Io degrades BOTH for scanner and UE
Check for Coverage problems
Call Drop
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Ec/Io (and RSCP) degrades for UE ONLY while scanner shows no degradation
UE camp on new cell immediately after drop, and UE did not measure this cell before Drop
Call Drop
Check the Neighbor
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Too many and too quick changes of best server
UE to perform measurements and SHO in time difficultly
Ping-Pong Handover, need to improve cell dominance
Call Drop
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Antenna Adjustment Example

RSCP Coverage before Adjustment
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RSCP Coverage after Adjustment
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RSCP Distribution
CPICH RSCP Distribution 40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 29.33% 30.27% 31.04% 20.00% 20.31% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% 1.44% 0.02% 37.48% 18.65%
Before Adjustment
5.47%
25.98%
After Adjustment
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Down Tilt from 4 to 6 Result
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Down Tilt from 4 to 8 Result
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Call Drop Analysis Example

Call Drop Distribution
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There are total 5 drop calls in the plot. The example of drop call 1 is analyzed to
show the process of analysis in the following.

Call drop 1 occurred at an area of frequent
change of best server as shown by the scanner scrambling code plot
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CPICH RSCP and Ec/Io before the Call Drop
UE Ec/Io degrades before call drop
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Drop Call Analysis Example

Best server before and after the Call Drop
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Comparing the best servers from the UE and the scanner at
the time of drop:
Drop Call 1 (UE vs. scanner best server) shows that for the scanner and UE SC009 is the best server prior to the drop. However, about 30 seconds before the drop, the scanner selected SC018 as the best server while the UE continued to have only SC009 in its active set resulting in the drop call. Immediately after the drop, the UE camps on SC018.
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UE Active Set and Monitor Set Before and After the Call Drop
SC018 was not UE measured by prior UE to call drop SC018
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Conclusion
Examining the UE Active and Monitored set, Figure does not show SC018 to be measured by the UE prior to the drop.
The reason of call drop is similar to missing neighbor .
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Coverage of Drop Call Point
SC018 RSCP > -75dBm
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Solution:
Looking at drop call Figure clearly shows that at the location of the drop, SC018 should not be the best server. Cell SC018 clearly requires some down tilting to control its interference into the area of Drop 1. To illustrate this, RSCP coverage of SC018 shows clearly that the cells is extending into a large area. E.g. around the location of drop call, SC018 RSCP is > -75dBm.
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Thank You
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3G RF Optimization

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Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 1 Optimization Phases Chapter 2 RF Optimization

Chapter 3 RF Analysis Approaches

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Network Optimization Phases Flow Chart

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Network Optimization Phases Step 1

Single Site Verification

To verify the functionality of every new site.

To ensure there are no faults related to

site installation or parameter settings.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Network Optimization Phases Step 2

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Network Optimization Phases Step 3

drive route must include different clutter types and

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Network Optimization Phases Step 4

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Chapter 1 Optimization Phases Chapter 2 RF Optimization

Chapter 3 RF Analysis Approaches

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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DTI scanner Huawei U626 GENEX Assistant

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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8 dB <15 dBm >95 %

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 1 Optimization Phases Chapter 2 RF Optimization

Chapter 3 RF Analysis Approaches

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RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

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RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

missing neighbor or failed soft handover problem.

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RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

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RF Analysis Approaches CPICH Coverage

Poor: RSCP < - 95 dBm

in order to highlight any cells that have too large a footprint.

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RF Analysis Approaches CPICH Coverage

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