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CHAPTER 1

The Investment Environment

Investments, 8th edition


Bodie, Kane and Marcus
Slides by Susan Hine
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Real Assets Versus Financial Assets


Essential nature of investment Reduced current consumption Planned later consumption Real Assets Assets used to produce goods and services Financial Assets Claims on real assets
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Table 1.1 Balance Sheet of U.S. Households, 2007

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Table 1.2 Domestic Net Worth

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A Taxonomy of Financial Assets


Fixed income or debt Money market instruments Bank certificates of deposit Capital market instruments Bonds Common stock or equity Derivative securities

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Financial Markets and the Economy


Information Role The Google effect Consumption Timing Allocation of Risk Separation of Ownership and Management Agency Issues

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Financial Markets and the Economy Continued


Corporate Governance and Corporate Ethics Accounting Scandals Examples Enron, Rite Aid, HealthSouth Auditorswatchdogs of the firms Analyst Scandals Arthur Andersen Sarbanes-Oxley Act Tighten the rules of corporate governance
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The Investment Process


Asset allocation Choice among broad asset classes Security selection Choice of which securities to hold within asset class Security analysis

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Markets are Competitive


Risk-Return Trade-Off Efficient Markets Active Management Finding mispriced securities Timing the market Passive Management No attempt to find undervalued securities No attempt to time the market Holding a highly diversified portfolio
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The Players
Business Firms net borrowers Households net savers Governments can be both borrowers and savers Financial Intermediaries Investment Companies Banks Insurance companies Credit unions
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The Players Continued


Investment Bankers Perform specialized services for businesses Markets in the primary market

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Table 1.3 Balance Sheet of Commercial Banks, 2007

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Table 1.4 Balance Sheet of Nonfinancial U.S. Business, 2007

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Recent TrendsGlobalization
American Depository Receipts (ADRs) Foreign securities offered in dollars Mutual funds that invest internationally Instruments and vehicles continue to develop (WEBs) Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

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Figure 1.1 Globalization: A Debt Issue Denominated in Euros

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Recent TrendsSecuritization
Mortgage pass-through securities Other pass-through arrangements Car, student, home equity, credit card loans Offers opportunities for investors and originators

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Figure 1.2 Asset-backed Securities Outstanding

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Recent TrendsFinancial Engineering


Use of mathematical models and computerbased trading technology to synthesize new financial products Bundling and unbundling of cash flows

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Figure 1.3 Building Creates a Complex Security

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Figure 1.4 Unbundling of Mortgages into Principal- and Interest-Only Securities

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Recent TrendsComputer Networks


Online information dissemination Information is made cheaply and widely available to the public Automated trade crossing Direct trading among investors

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