Tides are generated by:

1.Gravitational pull of the moon and sun

2.Centripetal force of the rotating Earth

Tides are generated by:

the gravitational pull of the moon and sun - moon has 2x greater gravitational pull than the sun - sun is 10 million x more massive than the moon and is 390 times farther away

Centripetal force

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

CENTRIPETAL

GRAVITATIONAL & CENTRIPETAL

Tidal Cycles
Diurnal Tide: 24 hr 50 min cycle Semi Diurnal Tide: 12 hr 25 min cycle Mixed Tide: 12 hr 25 min cycle

Description of tides High water: a water level maximum ("high tide") Low water: a water level minimum ("low tide") Tidal range: the difference between high and low tide Spring Tide: full moon and new moon (14.77 days) Neap Tide: 1st quarter and 3rd quarter (14.77 days)

High tide

Intertidal zone
Low tide

The monthly tidal cycle (29 days)

About every 7 days, Earth alternates between:
Spring tide
Alignment of Earth-Moon-Sun system (syzygy) Lunar and solar bulges constructively interfere Large tidal range

Neap tide
Earth-Moon-Sun system at right angles (quadrature) Lunar and solar bulges destructively interfere Small tidal range

Earth-Moon-Sun positions and the monthly tidal cycle

Spring Tide
Highest high tide and lowest low tide

Neap Tide
Moderate tidal range

Tidal Patterns
Semidiurnal tides- two high and two low per day; Cape Cod, MA (high latitudes) Diurnal tides- one high and one low per day; Mobile, AL (low latitudes) Mixed pattern tides- Two high and two low tides per day BUT with successive high tide levels that are VERY DIFFERENT from each other; Hawaii (mid latitudes)

Type of tide depends on: Position on the globe Water depth Contour- shape of ocean basins

Tidal Range

56 ft

6 ft

The Bay of Fundy: Site of the worlds largest tidal range

Tidal energy is focused by shape and shallowness of bay Maximum spring tidal range in Minas Basin = 17 meters (56 feet)

Alma at High Tide

Alma at Low Tide

La Rance tidal power plant at St. Malo, France.

Tidal bore = a true tidal wave

Wall of water that moves upriver Caused by an incoming high tide Occurs in some low-lying rivers Can be large enough to surf or raft

Corals exposed to air at extreme low tide

Tidal Information
http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marine bio/mbweb.html
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Mean Spring Mean Tide Station Latitude Longitude Range Range Level SAND ISLAND, MIDWAY ISLANDS 28 12.7' 177 21.6' 0.8 1.2 0.6 Predictions Laysan Island 25 46' 171 45' 0.7 1.0 0.4 Predictions East Island, French Frigate Shoals 23 47' 166 13' 0.9 1.4 0.6 Predictions Nonopapa, Niihau Island 21 52' 160 14' 1.0 1.6 0.7 Predictions Kauai Island Waimea Bay 21 57' 159 40' 1.0 1.6 0.7 Predictions Port Allen, Hanapepe Bay 21 54' 159 35' 1.1 1.7 0.7 Predictions NAWILIWILI 21 57.4' 159 21.6' Predictions Hanamaulu Bay 22 00' 159 20' 0.0 1.2 1.8 Predictions Hanalei Bay 22 13' 159 30' 1.3 1.8 0.8 Predictions Oahu Island Haleiwa, Waialua Bay 21 36' 158 07' - - 1.6 0.7 Predictions Waianae 21 27' 158 12' 1.2 1.8 0.8 Predictions HONOLULU 21 18' 157 52' 1.3 2.0 0.8 Predictions Hanauma Bay 21 17' 157 42' 1.3 1.9 0.8 Predictions Waimanalo 21 20' 157 42' 1.1 1.8 0.8 Predictions MOKUOLOE 21 26.2' 157 47.6' 1.2 2.0 1.0 Predictions Waikane, Kaneohe Bay 21 30' 157 51' 1.4 2.2 1.1 Predictions Predictions

Inquiry
1. Which has the greatest tidal effect sun or moon? 2. Where is the greatest tidal range located? 3. Which lunar phase produces moderate tides? 4. How is a tidal bore created?