Collaborative Sensing To Enhance Cognitive Radio Performance .

Presented by: Sara Elboutaybi. Graduate Student, Computer science engineering ENSEM Casablanca.

November 30th 2011

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Outline:
Introduction to cognitive radio: - The Need Of Cognitive Radio - What Is Cognitive Radio Motivation:

A Global view of collaborative Sensing - Components of Collaborative Sensing - The Dominating Factors Of Collaborative Sensing Conclusion

Introduction To Cognitive Radio:

The Need of Cognitive Radio:

The spectrum is scarce resource. Actual measurements indicate Underutilized bands. Multiple secondary access, aggregate interference control and agile modulation techniques

Fig.1 USA frequency allocations and Spectrum usage measurements.

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Introduction To Cognitive Radio:

What Is Cognitive Radio
J. Mitola III and G. Q. Maguire :

transforming radio nodes from blind executors of predefined protocols to radio-domain-aware intelligent agents that search out ways to deliver the services that the user wants even if that user does not know how to obtain them

Analyse

Decide

Sense

Act

Fig2. Cognitive radio cycle

Enabling cognitive radio via Sensing:c

What Is Cognitive Radio:

Awareness of an opportunity ?

Fig.3 Multi-dimensional radio spectrum space and transmission opportunities

Motivation: Improving Performance of detection

Exploit the spatial diversity.

Multipath fading Shadowing Receiver uncertainty issues ..

Fig.4 Receiver uncertainty and multipath/shadow fading.

Motivation: Relaxing sensivity requirements:

Fig.5 Cooperation allows us to reduce the sensitivity of the CR device.

SNR walls
FCC: Cognitive devices should BT Response to Ofcom Consultation on Digital be able to sense both television signals and wireless Dividend: microphones down to :A cognitive device with a 114dBm 114dBm. sensitivity level will identify all DTT channels as
occupied.
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A Global view of collaborative Sensing:

How cooperative CR share the data?

Fig.6 Classification of cooperative sensing: (a) centralized, (b) distributed and ( c) relay-assisted.

A Global view of collaborative Sensing:

Components Of Collaborative Sensing

How can cognitive radios cooperate?

Fig.7 Framework of centralized cooperative sensing.

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Cooperation models: How CRs cooperate to perform spectrum sensing?
Parallel Fusion Model
Models Game Theoretical Model

Fig. 8 Parallel fusion model. Fig. 9 Game theoretical model.

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Sensing techniques:

A quick Compraison:
Accuracy
Waveformbased Sensing Match Filtering Radio Identi -fication Cyclostationary Energy Detector

Complexity
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Components Of Collaborative Sensing:

Kullback-leibler distance: Motivation

Research results using AIC.

In Akaiks paper we find:

Fig. 10 Comparison with energy detection with noise uncertainty .

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Kullback-leibler distance: Exploiting model selection tools through distribution comparison to detect vacant holes in the spectrum band.

The probability distribution of noise.

The probability distribution of the received signal.

Estimating the kullback-leibler divergence from the sampled

signal?
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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Hypothesis Testing

-Probability of false detection.

- Probability of missed detection.

Fig. 11 Receiver Operating Characteristic curve at SNR=-15db. [ ]

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Hypothesis Testing

The distributions under both hypotheses f(y|Hi) are completely
known? Unknown parameters in the PDFs ? Binary Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing

Composite Hypothesis Testing

Sequential Testing

The number of required samples for testing :fixed or variable?

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Control Channel and Reporting: Control Channel A channel to report local sensing data. A point to point link from a cooperating CR to the fusion center. A MAC scheme for all the CRs to access the control channel. Reporting sensing data:

Bandwidth Reliability Security

Requirements

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Data Fusion Combining local sensing data for hypothesis testing while considering the control channel bandwidth requirements.
Quantized Soft Combining Soft Combining
(1) Combining Data (2)

(1) Transmit the entire local sensing samples or the complete local test.

Hard Combining
(3)

(2)

Quantize the local sensing results and send only the quantized data .

(3) Make a local decision and transmit the one-bit decision

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: User Selection

User Selection
Centralized selection Clusterbased selection

Correlated shadowing

Malicious users ..

Selecting a set of cooperating users satisfying some conditions. Grouping the cooperating users into clusters or coalitions.

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Components Of Collaborative Sensing: Knowledge Base:

All the knowledge of the RF environments. To assist or even replace the cooperative sensing.

Radio Environment Map

Channel Gain Map Power Spectral Density Map Knowledge Base

Received Signal Strength

Primary User Activity & Statistics Primary User Localization & Tracking

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Dominating factors of collaborative sensing:

Sensing Time & Delay. Wideband Sensing Channel Impairments

Still other issues to deal with !

Issues
Security Energy Efficiency

Mobility

Cooperation Efficiency

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References: I still have to right down my references,

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