Designed by: Adeel Fayyaz (12 P.E 01) Rehan Hasan (12 P.E 33) Zohaib Siddiqui (12 P.E 44)
10/29/2012
Tables Of Content
History What is Reverse Osmosis? Membrane & Its types Reverse Osmosis Membranes & its comparison Membrane Materials Membrane Modules Membrane Fouling Work Plan of our Project Testing Desalination Benefits
10/29/2012
History
The first studies on osmosis were carried out as early as 1748 by the French scientist Nollet. The early 1960's, Loeb and Sourirajan developed a method for making asymmetric Cellulose acetate membranes In 1970, the development of new-generation membranes such as the thin-film, composite Membrane that can tolerate wide pH ranges, higher temperatures and harsh chemical environments. An estimate indicated that sales of RO membrane
10/29/2012
and even many low molar mass species such as salt ions, organics, etc.
NF membranes are relatively new and are sometimes called loose RO membranes
10/29/2012
10/29/2012
CA Membrane
These initial RO membrane was
CA membranes were asymmetric and exhibited NaCl rejection values of approximately 99.5%
The
degree of acetylation describes the how many pendent OH groups are replaced acetyl groups, CH3COO.
It ranges from 0 to 3 they have excellent mechanical
ppm
10/29/2012
developed by John Cadotte at North Star Research in 1972, based on aromatic polyamides.
interfacial polymerization are use
10/29/2012
Low
Low
Medium 4-8
Max. 35c High High High Low
High 2-11
Max. 45c Low Low Low High
10/29/2012
Membrane Materials
10/29/2012
10
RO Membranes
There are typically cellulose acetate Polysulfone coated with aromatic polyamides
10/29/2012
11
MF & UF Materials
Poly (vinylidene fluoride)
Polysulfone Poly (acrylonitrile) Poly (acrylonitrile)-poly(vinyl chloride) copolymers Poly (ether sulfone) is also commonly used for UF
10/29/2012
12
Membranes Modules
10/29/2012
13
Modules of membrane
There are four main types of modules:
plate-and-frame
Tubular
spiral wound
hollow fiber
10/29/2012
14
Membrane fouling
10/29/2012
15
Causes of Fauling
Bio-fouling
(it results from microbial contamination of feed water)
Scaling
Organic
(It comes from substances i.e. C-H which coat the surface)
10/29/2012
16
Strategy of Project
10/29/2012
17
p formulations. Market Survey of chemicals & testing equipments. Study and analyze the characteristics of RO Membrane. Different plant surveys. Carry out the following tests:
Pressure test of Water
Flux Desalination
10/29/2012 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 18
Testing of Membranes
10/29/2012
19
Bubble test- test physical integrity of the membrane envelope Membrane performance - flux, pressure and percent reject Analysis of cleaning solution
Destructive Tests: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Internal visual exam Coupon testing of membrane surface Metals analyses Digestion
Organic Analyses: 1. 2.
10/29/2012
20
Desalination
10/29/2012
21
Desalination Techniques
Multi-effect distillation (MED) Multi-stage flash (MSF) Reverse osmosis (RO) Electro dialysis (ED) Capacitive deionization (CDI) Mechanical vapor compression (MVC)
10/29/2012
22
10/29/2012
23
CA membranes will reduce the cost of RO treatment processes RO processes are used in the production of food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and chemical products. a new alternative to many areas where drinking water is in short supply. RO technologies can make use of use an almost unlimited and reliable water source, the sea. RO has a negligible environmental impact RO technologies can be used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. Most economical process for salinity reduction associated with secondary effluent
10/29/2012
24
Future Aspects
10/29/2012
25
10/29/2012
26