Assume solid object as hollow and made-up of thin sheet.

On opening it from one side completely, the shape of that unfolded sheet is called Development of Lateral Surface (surface excluding solid top and bottom). Application: In engineering so many products are difficult to manufacture by conventional manufacturing methods. Development of solids assists under such situation in variety of applications. Thus, development of solid is basically essential for designing and manufacturing of products.

WHAT IS OUR OBJECTIVE IN THIS TOPIC ?

To learn methods of development of surfaces of different solids, their sections and frustums.

Important Points: Its simply showing area (2-D plain drawing), hence, all dimensions should be true dimensions. After development no edge remains invisible. Therefore, no dimensions should be dotted in development of solid. Development of solid, when folded or rolled, gives the generating solid

Cylinder:
H

Development of lateral surfaces of different solids. (Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base) Rectangle Pyramids: (No.of Cone: (Sector of circle)
triangles)

D
H= Height D= base diameter No.of Rectangles

R=Base circle radius. L=Slant height. R 3600 L

L= Slant edge. S = Edge of base

Prisms:

H= Height S = Edge of base Cube: Six Squares.

Tetrahedron: Four Equilateral Triangles

All sides equal in length

Parallel line development : Used for prisms (full and truncated) and cylinder (full and truncated). Two Parallel lines are drawn from the two ends of the solid and the lateral surfaces are located between these two lines. 5
50 mm 50 mm

50 mm

80 mm

A 1

C 3

4 B

a' 1

c' 2 f'

3 4

d'

b'

A 1

BB

C 2

A 1

F E G

e'

h' g'

D A B H

C b' a' 5 1 f' e' e a 3 h d 4 g c g' h' 1 F G c' 3 d' 4 2 B C 2 3

D4

A 5

G F

1 H E F

b f

Problem 1: A pentagonal prism , 30 mm base side & 50 mm axis is standing on Hp on its base whose one side is perpendicular to Vp. It is cut by a section plane 450 inclined to Hp, through mid point of axis. Draw Fv, sec.Tv & sec. Side view. Also draw true shape of section and Development of surface of remaining solid.

X
e d a c b

DEVELOPMENT

For Development: Draw development of entire solid. Name from cut-open edge I.e. A. in sequence as shown. Mark the cut points on respective edges. Join them in sequence in st. lines. Make existing parts dev.dark.

Development of Cylinder & Truncated Cylinder

2 2 1 1

Radial line development: Used for development of pyramids and cones. Assuming O as the center and radius equal to the true length of the slant edge of the pyramid draw the arc of the circle. Now cut this complete arc in required no of parts by the information regarding the side of the base. In case of cone, divide the base of the cone in suitable parts and carry out same exercise. Example: Develop the full size pattern of the right regular pentagonal pyramid, base 24 mm and height 50 mm.

Development of pyramids 1
oa=OA o b a' b' c B A ob=OB=OC O C 3 A

1 2 3

2 oa1=OA o 1 2 3 A 2 O 3 4

o 2

2 3 1 14 4 a1' d a d a1

c' b' c

O a b

Problem: A pentagonal pyramid with base edges measuring 25 mm and axis measuring 50 mm, is resting on its base with an edge of its base parallel to the VP and near it. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 60o to the H.P, and passing through a point on the axis, 15 mm above the base. Draw the development of the surface of the pyramid.

Problem: A cone, 50 mm base diameter and 70 mm axis is standing on its base on Hp. It cut by a section plane 450 inclined to Hp through base end of end generator. Draw projections, sectional views, true shape of section and development of surfaces of remaining solid.

R=Base circle radius. L=Slant height. R 3600 L

A o DEVELOPMENT B C D

o
a hb c g f d

E F G

g
h

f e
A H

a b
SECTIONAL T.V

d c