Nutrition:
A science that studies the interactions that occur between living organisms and food.
Nutrients:
Chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process.
Kcalories (Kilocalories):
The unit of heat that is used to express the amount of energy provided by food.
Today:
We have much less time to prepare food at home. We eat more processed foods and convenient fast foods.
Your nutrient intake affect your current and future health. Discuss.
OR
Malnutrition: too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy Nutrient Deficiency: Undernutrition Excess of Nutrient or energy: Overnutrition
Hypertension
Cancer
Diabetes
or
Gout Obesity
Osteoporosis
Heart Disease
Food poisoning
DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES
END POINT
Non-modifiable risk factors:
stroke
Heart Disease
Modifiable risk factors: Diet - unhealthy Physical inactivity Tobacco use Alcohol Stress
Socioeconomic, cultural & environmental determinants: Globalization Urbanization
ED (Erectile
Dysfunction)
Energy cannot disappear, food energy eaten has to be excreted in the faeces, or absorb by the body Once absorb = small amount excreted in the urine = stored in the tissue in the form of glycogen
Derived from chemical energy bound in food carbohydrates, fats, proteins and alcohol Physiological Fuel values (kCal/g) : 1 gram of Carbohydrates = 4 kcal 1 gram of Protein = 4 kcal 1 gram of Fat = 9 kcal 1 gram of Alcohol = 7 kcal
CHO = 55-70 %
Fat = 20-30 %
Protein = 10-15 %
Source: The Technical subcommittee on Energy and Macronutrients (2005)
Energy balance:
Weight is maintained
Some substances are needed for life, but are not essential.
Ex. Lecithin
Energy-yielding nutrients:
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Macronutrients:
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water
Micronutrients:
Vitamins and minerals
Carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, and vitamins are Organic molecules. Minerals and water are inorganic molecules.
Water
A macronutrient that serve many functions
Vitamins
Organic molecules (13 identified) that regulate body process
Minerals
Inorganic molecules that have regulatory roles and are important structurally
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Sources
To prevent diseases
Eat a variety of foods. Balance the food you eat with physical activity maintain or improve your weight. Choose a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables and fruits. Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol Choose a diet moderate in sugars Choose a diet moderate in salt and sodium
FOOD PYRAMID
Fat, oil, sugar & salt Milk, yogurt, cheese 1-2 servings Fruits & vegetables 5 servings Fish, meat, nuts 2-3 servings
Eat most from the based of the pyramid and eat less from the peak of the pyramid
cup of rice
1 slice of bread
1 whole potato
1 slice pineapple
1 whole banana
1 slice papaya
1 slice watermelon
1 cup of nuts
2 eggs
5 teaspoons of anchovies
2 slices of tempe
1 glass of milk
1 slice of cheese
1 cup of yogurt
Availability
Affected by geography, socioeconomics, and health status.
Social Acceptability
Food is the centerpiece of our everyday social interaction.
Personal Preference
We eat what we like!
Health Concerns
An individuals perception of what makes a healthy diet affects his/her food and nutrition choices.
Nutrient Density is a measure of the nutrients a food provides compared with its energy content. Nutrient-dense foods contain more nutrients per kcalorie.
The scientific method offers a systematic, unbiased approach to evaluating the relationships among food, nutrients, and health. A hypothesis is an educated guess made to explain observations about the world around us.
A theory is an explanation based on scientific study and reasoning.
Be realistic
Make small changes over time in what you eat and the level of activity you do. After all, small steps work better than giant leaps.
Be adventurous
Expand your tastes to enjoy a variety of foods
Be flexible
Go ahead and balance what you eat and the physical you do over several days. No need to worry about just one meal or one day.
Be sensible
Enjoy all foods, just dont overdo it
Be active
Walk the dog, dont just watch the dog walk
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BODY COMPOSITION
Body Weight and Health?? Body composition data are used for? Are there any methods for assessing body composition? How to calculate body mass index What are goals and guidelines in achieving and maintaining a healthy body weigh?
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What is malnutrition? Give an example of over nutrition What are the six classes of nutrients? List the energy-yielding nutrients What classes of nutrients are considered macronutrients? What classes of nutrients are considered micronutrients? List three functions provided by nutrients. What is a phytochemical? List three factors other than nutrient needs that influence what we eat Why is it important to choose a variety of foods? List the steps of the scientific method What is a control group? What is a placebo?
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