Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1 July 1646 -- 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher, polymath and mathematician who wrote

primarily in Latin and French. He occupies a grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton, and his notation has been in general use since then.

 He also invented the binary system, the foundation of virtually all modern computer architectures. In philosophy, he is mostly remembered for optimism, e.g., his conclusion that our universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one God could have made. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in biology, medicine, geology, probability theory, psychology, linguistics, and information science.

 He also wrote on politics, law, ethics, theology, history, philosophy and philology and even occasional verse. His contributions to this vast array of subjects are scattered in journals and in tens of thousands of letters and unpublished manuscripts. The collection of manuscript papers of Leibniz at the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek Niederschische Landesbibliothek were inscribed on UNESCOs Memory of the World Register in 2007.

If u and v are the functions of x1 then , dn(uv)/dxn = nC0.Un.V + nC1.Un-1.V1 + nC2.Un-2.V2 + nCr.Un-r.Vr +...........+ nCn.U.Vn Thus theorem will be proved by induction Step1: By actual differentiation we know that (UV)1 = U1.V + U.V1 (UV)2 = (U2.V + U1.V1) + (U1.V1 + U.V2) = U2.V + 2U1.V1 + U.V2 = U2.V + 2U1.V1 + U.V2 = U2.V + 2C1 U1.V1 + U.V2 Thus, the theorem is true for n = 1, 2

Step 2: We assume that the theorem is true for a particular value of n say m, so we have (UV)m = Um.V + mC1 Um-1.V1 + mC2 Um-2.V2 + ...+ mCr-1Um-r+1.Vr-1 + mC U .V + mC U.V r m-r r m m

Differentiating both sides, we get (UV)m+1 = Um+1.V + Um.V1 + mC1 Um.V1 + mC1 .Um-1.V2 +...+ mC U .V2 + mC2 Um-2.V3 + ...+ mCr-1 Um-r+2.Vr-1 + 2 m-1 mC Um-r+1.Vr + mCr Um-r+1.Vr + mCr Um-r.Vr+1 +...+ r-1 mC U .V + mC U.V m 1 m m m+1 (UV)m+1 = Um+1.V +(1+mC1) Um.V1 + (mC1 + mC2 ) Um-1.V2 +...+ (mC + mC ) U m r-1 r m-r+1.Vr +...+ Cm U.Vm+1 (mCr-1 + mCr = m+1Cr)

(UV)m+1 = Um+1.V + m+1C1 Um.V1 + m+1C2 Um-1.V2 +...+ m+1C U m+1C r m-r+1.Vr +...+ m+1 U.Vm+1 Thus, the Theorem is true for n = m+1 i.e. it is also true for the next higher integral value of m. Since we have seen that the theorem is true for n =2, therefore theorem is true for (n = 2+1) n=3, and, therefore, further true for n=4 and so on. Hence, theorem is true for all positive real values of n.

QUESTION: If y=x3 eax, find yn , using Leibnitz theorem. SOLUTION: Let u = eax ; v = x3 Dnu = aneax Dv=3x2 Dn-1u = an-1eax D2v=6x Dn-2u = an-2eax D3=6 Now by LEIBNITZs THEOREM, we have = Dn(x3eax) = Dn(eax)x3 + nc1 Dn-1(eax) . Dx3 + nc2 Dn-2(eax) . D2x3 + nc Dn-3 (eax) . D3x3 3

= aneax x3 + n an-1 eax . 3x2 + n(n-1)/2 an-2 eax . 6x3 + n(n-1)(n-2)/6 . an-3 eax .6
= aneax x3 + n an-1 eax . 3x2 + n(n-1) an-2 eax . 3x3 + n(n-1)(n-2) . an-3 eax = eax{anx3 = 3nan-1 x2 + 3n(n-1)an-2x + n(n-1)(n-2)an-3}