POWER POINT PRESENTATION OF SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Mr. Devender Verma 3510679 EEE 4th Year

INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function. An Embedded System employs a combination of hardware & software a (computational engine) to perform a specific function. They are devices used to control, monitor or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or plant. Some Examples are:-Telecom, Smart Cards, Missiles and Satellites, Computer Networking, Digital Consumer Electronics, and Automotive.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Typical embedded system

MICROCONTROLLER VS MICROPROCESSOR

MICROCONTROLLER

MICROPROCESSOR

FEATTURES OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

8051 provide the following standard features 4K bytes of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters. Eight-bit CPU with register A (the accumulator) & B. Eight-bit program status word (PSW). Eight-bit stack pointer (SP). Internal RAM of 128 bytes. four register banks, each containing eight registers. Sixteen bytes, which may be addressed at the bit level.

PIN DIAGRAM (8051)

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
A decade counter is one that counts in decimal digits, rather than binary. A decade counter may have each digit binary encoded or other binary encodings. A counter that can change state in either direction, under the control of an up/down selector input, is known as an up/down counter. When the selector is in the up state, the counter increments its value. When the selector is in the down state, the counter decrements the count Up/down counter which counts in either binary or decade mode depending upon the input selector switch. When binary/decade is at logical ``1'', the counter counts in binary, otherwise it counts in decade. .

SOFTWARE USED
The software code for this project is written in C programming language and compiled using the Keil Vision3 compiler. We create source files in assembly. After compilation, the final hex code is downloaded to the microcontroller using a suitable programmer. The program was assembled using cross assembler. The cross assembler generates two files. One for print out which has machine codes along with the assembly program.

Instructions Used With AT89C51

Instruction Sets are set of assembly language code that is used to program or give instructions to the Microcontroller. The instruction sets of any given microcontroller are proprietary to the manufacturers. Some important instructions: SETB CLR JB JNB MOV JMP

WORKING
Firstly we apply the supply 220V to the transformer which converts 220V into 12V. After that the output is given to the input point of the regulator with a capacitor in parallel. Here capacitor smoothes the rectified voltage of the transformer. The output of the voltage regulator IC 7805 is given to the capacitor which makes it smoother. Finally the signal is given to the pin 40 of the microcontroller which gives the supply to the LEDs through the resistors The program is written in assembly language of microcontroller 89C51 then programmed 89C51 was placed in its socket . Then after power ON the binary count on LEDs was advancing after fixed delay as programmed.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CONCLUSIONS
Digital counters play a vital role in modern day consumer/industrial electronic systems-counting events or periods of time or putting events in a sequence. Counters are also specifically used as frequency dividers, register addressing and serving as memory units. In electronics, counters can be implemented quite easily using register-type circuits such as the flip-flop. Many types of counter circuits are available as digital building blocks, for example a number of chips in the 4000 series implement different counters. In The Project we studied about their hardware & software programming of the 89C51.

PRECAUTIONS
Precautions for Soldering
Never touch the element or tip of the soldering iron. Take great care to avoid touching the mains flex with the tip of the iron. Always return the soldering iron to its stand when not in use. Work in a well-ventilated area. Wash your hands after using solder. Remove the solder, then the iron, while keeping the joint still.

PRECAUTIONS
Precautions for IC
The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC (chip) starting near the notch or dot. ICs (chips) are easily damaged by heat so it should protect from over heat. Many ICs are static sensitive and can be damaged when you touch them because your body may have become charged with static electricity, from your clothes. The outputs of ICs must never be directly connected together. To remove an IC it can be gently prised out of the holder with a small flat-blade screwdriver.

REFERENCE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. http://www.slideshare.net/murugan_m1/embedded-system-basics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system http://www.slideshare.net/murugan_m1/embedded-system-basics http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/embedded-systems http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/definition/embedded-system http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse contents /IIT%20Kharagpur/Embedded- %20systems/New_index1.html 7. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15058835/project-report-on-embedded-system 8. https://sites.google.com/site/mymctutorial/courses/instruction-sets-of-at-89c51 9. http://www.intel.in/p/en_us/embedded 10. http://freeelectronics.com/ 11. http://www.freertos.org/ 12. http://www.embeddeddrelated.com/index.php

THANK YOU !!