RECENT TRENDS IN FIBER OPTICS

SUBMITTED BY: N.PARVEENABEGUM S.GAYATHRI I YEAR CSE ARUNAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE THIRUVANNAMALAI

INTRODUCTION
Fiber Optic technology is simply the use of light to transmit the data The general use of fiber optics did not begin until the 1970s Robert Maurer developed a fiber with a loss of 20 dB / km Since that time the use of fiber optics has increased drastically

What is Fiber optics ?

Transmitting communication signals over

hair thin strands of glass or optics

Fiber Optics Overview

Telephone companies initially used fiber to transport high volumes of voice traffic. During the 1980s telephone companies began to deploy fiber throughout their networks.

Optical Fiber Construction

The construction of a fiber optic cable consists of a core, cladding, coating buffer

Principle of operation

Any signal is converted in to the light signal and it is transmitted in to the Optical Fiber by the principle of Total Internal Reflection.

Principle of operation,

Applications
IN SENSOR SYSTEMS In sensing a physical parameter, a fiber itself acts as a modulator in response to influences with the help of fiber we can measure temperature , stress , strain displacement etc..,

Applications
CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT Measurement of chemicals and or component species of chemicals is usually done in laboratories using mass spectrometer , gas chromatographs , IR and NMR spectrometers etc..

 In the case of hydrocarbons , fiber optic wire is being used to monitor buried tanks ,lines and structures for leakage in to the surrounding soil. The sensor comprises of a fiber optic cable and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR).

 The OTDR measures the distribution of optical power loss with distance along the entire length of the cable up to a maximum of 2.5 km. Hydrocarbons in contact with the cable induce a local power loss

POLLUTION DETECTOR
A smoke and pollution detector can be built using optical fibers. A beam of light transmitted from one end of the fiber can be collected by another optical fiber. If foreign particles are present in the region between the fibers, they scatter light.

Applications
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS As the electrical field measuring devices in the past would affected by the fringe fields around them. But as fiber optic system is non conductive , it can be used in electrical field measurement systems.

Applications
MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS A Fiber optic system can easily sense the change in direction , presence , rotation , angle

WHY USE FIBRE OPTICS?

Economics Speed Distance Weight/size Freedom from interference Electrical isolation Security

DISADVANTAGES
Installation and maintenance of optical fibers require a new set of skills. High cost Require skilled technician

Conclusion
Although the widespread use of fiber began with the push from the telecommunications industry, today it is commonplace. Many enterprises take advantage of fiber to increase the capacity and functionality of their local area networks (LANs)

Conclusion,
The future technology will easily migrate to fiber, while minimizing cost and installation issues. It is the responsibilities of the Engineers to overcome the difficulties and serve the society.

References :
www.communication.howstuffworks.com www.wikipedia.org Text book of Engineering Physics ,

S.Gopinath , Anurahdha publications www.webopedia.com

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THANK YOU