COMPUTER HARDWARES

Definition of Computer

A programmable electronic machine that performs highspeed mathematical or logical operations or otherwise processes information.

Computers Have Two Main Parts

1.

Computer Hardware Computer Software

2.

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, the machinery and equipment. Parts of the computer you can see

Examples of Computer Hardware

Monitor: T.V. like screen used to show pictures and
words

CPU: Central Processing Unit this is where most of

the computers calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computing system.

Keyboard: This device is used to type

information into the computer and contains the numbers 0-9.

More Computer Hardware

Mouse: a small device, which you move across the top of
the desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.

Printer: used to make a paper copy of the information

into the computer.

Image Scanner: an electronic device that generates a

digital representation of an image for data input to a computer

Inside a Computer Case

MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing connectors for other peripherals.

MAINBOARD (Back Panel)

Internal Hardware Parts

SMPS(Switched-mode power supply):
It is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator in order to be highly efficient in the conversion of electrical power. An SMPS is usually employed to efficiently provide a regulated output voltage, typically at a level different from the input voltage.

PROCESSOR:
An electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computer's brain. It allows the processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the execution of instructions stored in memory.

HDD(Hard Disk Drive)

A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive or hard disk) is a nonvolatile, random access digital magnetic data storage device. Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. The two main forms of modern RAM are static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). In static RAM, a bit of data is stored using the state of a flip-flop. This form of RAM is more expensive to produce, but is generally faster and requires less power than DRAM and, in modern computers, is often used as cache memory for the CPU.

RAM(Random Access Memory)

UPS(Uninterrupted Power Supply)

An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically mains power, fails. Offline / standby The offline / standby UPS (SPS) offers only the most basic features, providing surge protection and battery backup. The protected equipment is normally connected directly to incoming utility power. online The online UPS is ideal for environments where electrical isolation is necessary or for equipment that is very sensitive to power fluctuations.

What is Computer Software?

Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do.

Examples
SYSTEM SOFTWAREOperating System( Windows, UNIX)
APPLICATION SOFTWARE-

- Database software(Oracle) -Programming Languages IDE(Visual studio, JAVA NETBeans), -Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel

Computer Input Devices

Computer Devices that input information in the computer Examples

Key Board Mouse Scanner Digital Camera

KEYBOARD

Keyboards use a variety of switch technologies. Capacitive switches are considered to be non-mechanical because they do not physically complete a circuit like most other keyboard technologies. Instead, current constantly flows through all parts of the key matrix. Each key is spring-loaded and has a tiny plate attached to the bottom of it. When you press a key, it moves this plate closer to the plate below it. As the two plates move closer together, the amount of current flowing through the matrix changes. The processor detects the change and interprets it as a key press for that location.

MOUSE
What is a mouse? The mouse is a pointing device which helps us to operate the computer. Although, we have switched to Touchpads in Laptops, "the function of mouse is easy and user-friendly when compared with touch pads for a new user", says the users. Mostly all the applications are operated with mouse for easy working. In recent days, the optical mouse had overcome the old ball mouse, because of its 'easy to use' function. Ball mouse The movement of the pointer in the computer is decided by the ball inside the mouse.

Optical mouse
The main components of the optical mouse are: Inbuilt optical sensor, High speed camera , LED.

Computer Output Devices

Computer Devices that output information from the computer.

Examples Monitor Printer

MONITOR Types
There are 3 types of monitor. 1.The CRT 2. the LCD Flat Panel monitor 3.The TFT-LCD monitor.

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor most inexpensive monitor in the market today. includes the flat/funnel tubes that displays the images on the screen.

LCD Flat Panel Monitor

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors were first developed for use with laptop computers. Also known as flat screen monitors, they are becoming more and more common these days.

LCD technology makes use of a liquid crystal solution that are present in two panes of polarized and partitioned glasses. By adjusting the amount of light that passes through these panels through an electric voltage, images are created on the screen. This technology also reduces blurring and colour smudging during motion pictures, which makes this type of monitor appropriate for gamers or film enthusiasts.
A downside to this type is that, aside from being more expensive, it costs to have some add-ons attached to it, such as SVGA, or Super Video Graphics Array technology for improved onscreen display.

TFT-LCD Monitor
A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) LCD monitor is now being more widely used with LCD monitors, because of its high level of resolution and sharpness. The only difference is a thin film transistor that is applied to the screen, which results in better control of pixels.

This type of monitor is recommended for those who play animated, colourful, and high-resolution games, as well as graphic artists who may need to check out different fonts on the computer screen.

Broadband

The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal or device of greater bandwidth.

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just "broadband", is a high data rate connection to the Internet typically contrasted with dialup access using a 56 kbit/s modem. Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of about 60 kbit/s and require the dedicated use of a telephone line whereas broadband technologies supply more than this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use.

NETWORK Basics
Network-A collection of computers and other devices that communicate to share data, hardware, and software.
Wireless Fidelity popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE 802.11 standards, is widely used technology advancement in wireless communication. As the name indicates, WI-FI provides wireless access to applications and data across a radio network.

Personal area network (PAN) is a computer network

designed for communication between computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants close to one person). The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire.

A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies such as IrDA and Bluetooth. CAN - Campus Area Network Networking spanning with multiple LANs but smaller than a Metropolitan area network, MAN. This kind of network mostly used in relatively large universities or local business offices and buildings.

LAN - Local Area Network: LAN connects networking devices with in short spam of area, i.e. small offices, home, internet cafes etc. Wireless - Local Area Network: A LAN, local area network based on wireless network technology mostly referred as Wi-Fi. Unlike LAN, in WLAN no wires are used, but radio signals are the medium for communication. Wireless network cards are required to be installed in the systems for accessing any wireless network around. Mostly wireless cards connect to wireless routers for communication among computers or accessing WAN, internet. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network: MAN, metropolitan area network falls in middle of LAN and WAN, It covers large span of physical area than LAN but smaller than WAN, such as a city. WAN - Wide Area Network: As word Wide implies, WAN, wide area network cover large distance for communication between computers. The Internet it self is the biggest example of Wide area network, WAN, which is covering the entire earth.

Computer Viruses
A true virus is capable of self replication on a machine. It may spread between files or disks, but the defining character is that it can recreate itself on its own without traveling to a new host.

Symptoms of Virus Attack

Computer runs slower then usual Computer no longer boots up Screen sometimes flicker PC speaker beeps periodically System crashes for no reason Files/directories sometimes disappear Denial of Service (DoS)

Antivirus or anti-virus software

is used to prevent, detect, and remove computer viruses.

Flash and Jump Drives

Flash memory is a kind of storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

NAND-type flash memory integrated with a USB, small, removable, lightweight and removable data storage . Also known as pen drives, chip sticks, thumb drives, flash drives and USB keys A USB flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less than 30 grams. As of September 2011 drives of 256 gigabytes are available.

Smart Disk-External Portable

60GB Hard Drive

Modem

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Many broadband modems include the functions of a router (with Ethernet and WiFi ports)

NETWORK related Terms

is a network that uses primarily public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or traveling users access to a central organizational network.

A virtual private network (VPN)

Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP)

It is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission techniques for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

TCP/IP model
The TCP/IP model, or Internet Protocol Suite, describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network. TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

Home network
Home network or home area network (HAN) is a residential local area network (LAN). It is used for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices. An important function is the sharing of Internet access, often a broadband service through a fibre-to-the-home, cable TV, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or mobile broadband internet service provider (ISP).

Few Common Symptoms of Hardware Failure

Fan Making Loud Noise

Hard Drive Making Noise

What To Do When Your Computer Won't Start Troubleshoot a Computer Monitor That Won't Display Anything On Screen Troubleshoot a Computer That Shows No Sign of Power Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On and Then Immediately Turns Off Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On But Displays Nothing on Screen Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On But Stops Booting During the POST How To Troubleshoot a Computer That Repeatedly Returns to advanced Boot Options

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