Definition of Wireless Sensor Network:

A sensor network is a group of specialized transducers with a communications infrastructure intended to monitor and record conditions at diverse locations. Commonly monitored parameters are temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction and speed, illumination intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity, power-line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant levels and vital body functions. A sensor network consists of multiple detection stations called sensor nodes, each of which is small, lightweight and portable. Every sensor node is equipped with a transducer, microcomputer, transceiver and power source. The transducer generates electrical signals based on sensed physical effects and phenomena. The microcomputer processes and stores the sensor output. The transceiver, which can be hard-wired or wireless, receives commands from a central computer and transmits data to that computer. The power for each sensor node is derived from the electric utility or from a battery. Sensor network is used in Industrial automation, Automated and smart homes, Video surveillance, Traffic monitoring, Medical device monitoring, Monitoring of weather conditions, Air traffic control, Robot control.

Problems in Wireless Sensor Network:

Energy conservation is a very challenging problem in a wireless sensor network because the batteries of wireless sensor nodes have very limited capacities. Two main problems in wireless sensor network are very highly energy consuming activity scheduling and broadcasting. Activity scheduling: In activity scheduling problem, some nodes decide to turn off their radio equipment to preserve energy, but should have at least one active neighbor to collect messages for them or take over some sensing tasks. Broadcasting: In broadcasting problem, one host needs to send a particular message to all the other ones in the network. In a straightforward solution to this problem, hosts only need to blindly relay packets once to their neighborhood. However, this leads to the well-known broadcast storm problem. While consuming a lot of energy; this method does not even ensure a complete coverage of the network due to multiple collisions.

The main goal of our project:

The main goal of our project is to get a quite energy efficient activity scheduling and broadcasting .

Definition of Connected Dominating Set in a Graph:

A connected dominating set or CDS in a graph G is a subset C of all the nodes such that every node in G is either in C or adjacent to a node in C.

Picture of CDS in a Graph:

Fig. 1(a) shows a sample CDS in a graph where all the black nodes form a CDS and they are called the dominators. The nodes that are adjacent to a dominator are called dominatees.

Construction and implementation of CDS in fulfilling our aim: