EBB 324 Advanced Materials and Composites Course Unit : 4 Type of Course : Core Name of academics :Dr. Mariatti Jaafar Dr. Hazizan Md Akil Dr. Zuhailawati Hussin (6) Contribution of Assessment: 70% final examination & 30% course work (15% Test and 15% Quiz/PBL)
composite materials 2. To select and justify a suitable advanced composite materials for specific applications 3. To propose a suitable fabrication technique of advanced composite materials for specific applications 4. To apply suitable theory to estimate the properties of the advanced composite materials
Introduction to composite materials (Definition and classification of composite materials, natural composites, the benefit of composites) Introduction to composite materials (Types of matrix (natural and synthetic), types of reinforcement (natural and synthetic), factors which determine properties)
Reinforcement-matrix interface (Wettability, Interfacial bonding, methods to measure bond strength) Polymer matrix composites (Introduction, types of polymer matrices (thermoplastics, thermoset & rubber), processing of PMC- Hand lay-up, spray-up moulding methods (match die moulding, bag moulding method, vacuum bagging, pressure bagging, RTM), pultrusion, filament winding) Polymer matrix composites (Some commercial PMCs- epoxy and polyester matrix composites, PEEK matrix composites, rubber matrix composites, etc.)
References
R.F. Gibson, Principles of Composite Materials
Mechanics, McGraw Hill, Inc, 1994. F.L. Matthews, R.D. Rawlings, Composite Materials; Engineering & Science, Chapman & Hall, 1994. R.P Sheldon, Composite Polymeric Materials, Applied Science Publisher, 1982 S. C. Sharma, Composite Materials, Narosa Publishing House, 2000
What is Composites?
Combination of 2 or more materials Each of the materials must exist more
than 5% Presence of interphase The properties shown by the composite materials are differed from the initial materials Can be produced by various processing techniques
Classifications of composites
Matrix; PMC, MMC, CMC Function; electrical & structure Geometry of reinforcements; fiber
Whiskers
Particulatecomposites
Random orientation
Unidirectional
Twodirectional
Random orientation
Uni -directional
Examples of composites
a) b) c) d)
Particulate & random Discontinuous fibers & unidirectional Discontinuous fibers & random Continuous fibers & unidirectional
Matrices
Thermoset
Thermoplastic
Rubber
toughness Can withstand elevated temperature in corrosive environment than PMC Most metal and alloy can be used as matrices
Natural Composites
Wood
Consists of cellulose, hemiselulose & lignin Cellulose- the strongest component, 65% unidirectional alignment Lignin behave as adhesive, tighten the wood components
Natural Composites
Bone
Example; hydroxyapatite reinforced collagen composites
Advantages of Polymer
Composites 1) won't rust, or corrode 2)require no preservatives 3) light-weight, lighter than aluminum, wood, steel or concrete. 4) the lowest possible total installed cost
glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites
Benefits of Composites???
Improved properties (thermal, mechanical,
electrical, etc) Many end-applications
Antaramuka/antarafasa
Matriks: Fungsi
Mengikat bahan tetulang Memindah dan mengagihkan beban
kenaan kepada tetulang, ttp pemindahan beban bergantung kepada ikatan antaramuka
Matriks
Needs to withstand temperature variations Offer weight advantages, ease of handling
Gentian selanjar Gentian organik- cthnya Kevlar, polietilena Gentian tak organik- cthnya kaca, alumina, karbon Gentian asli- cthnya asbestos, jut, sutera Gentian pendek Hablur sesunggut (whiskers) Partikel Dawai
Antarafasa: Fungsi
Memindahkan tegasan daripada matriks
kepada bahan tetulang
Sometimes surface treatment is carried out to achieve the required bonding to the matrix
Synthetic
Fumed silica, fused silica, glass, etc Epoxy, polyester, PP, PE, etc
Synthetic
Glass fiber, boron fibers, etc Fumed silica, fused silica, glass, etc
Pencampuran/Rule of Mixture
Rongga
ruang udara yang terkumpul atau
terperangkap dalam komposit dalam komposit, rongga wujud dalam matriks, antaramuka dan antara gentian-gentian kehadiran rongga dalam struktur komposit menyebabkan wujudnya titik pemusatan tegasan- menjejaskan sifat-sifat akhir komposit
terperangkap dalam komposit dalam komposit, rongga wujud dalam matriks, antaramuka dan antara gentian-gentian kehadiran rongga dalam struktur komposit menyebabkan wujudnya titik pemusatan tegasan- menjejaskan sifat-sifat akhir komposit