Keputusan dan tindakan pemerintah yang dimaksudkan untuk memecahkan masalah publik (pattern of government decisions and actions intended to address a perceived public problem ) Woll : Sejumlah aktivitas pemerintah untuk memecahkan masalah di masyarakat, baik secara langsung maupun melalui berbagai lembaga yg mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat
Thomas Dye
Perlu penguasaan studi kebijakan publik bagi birokrat dan analis kebijakan publik
Vilfredo Pareto (dalam Keban,2004 :58) Menguntungkan paling kurang satu orang, tetapi tidak merugikan seorangpun Paretos Optimality atau Doctrine of Maximum Satisfaction
The study of political relationships = the study of the processes by which societies seek to allocate political power and the benefits of such power,
The political process is the process through which policies are made and enforced.
Sociology
Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts.
The study of the allocation of resources in a community, however defined. Economists study markets and exchanges. Welfare economists seek to understand the extent to which an overall communitys welfare can be maximized.
Community and group activities are an important part of policy making, because groups of people often
Economics
There are many economic factors that influence public policy, such as economic growth, productivity, employment, and the like. The tools
of economics are often used to promote policies or to explain why policies succeed or fail.
The study of the management of government and nonprofit organizations, including the management of information, money, and personnel to achieve goals developed through the democratic process.
The management of public programs is an integral part of the policy process. PA scholars study the motivation of program implementers and targets and help research innovations to improve service delivery.
Public Policy
The study of what governments choose to do or not to do, including studies of the policy process, policy implementation and impact, and evaluation.
We give this label to the highly interdisciplinary study of the public policy process. Policy scholars develop theories about how the policy process works and develop tools and methods to analyze how policy is made and implemented.
Deskripsi
-Proses perumusan suatu kebijakan publik -Analisis model formulasi -Peran organisasi publik dalam proses formulasi -Analisis faktor dan aktor dalam proses formulasi
Implementasi
- Proses implementasi - Analisis model implementasi - Kinerja implementasi : faktor dan aktor berkontribusi pada kegagalan/ keberhasilan suatu implementasi kebijakan - Penilaian kinerja kebijakan dalam mencapai tujuan - Evaluasi implementasi = menilai kinerja proses implementasi - Evaluasi dampak = komponen2 yg berkontribusi pada keberhasilan dampak program -Policy research -Studi ttg problem publik tertentu untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan -Identifikasi faktor dan pengembangan model/alternatif kebijakan -Usulan model kebijakan
Evaluasi
Analisis Kebijakan
Policy agenda
Policy formulation
Policy adoption
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation