Power Plant Lighting

Lighting
Lighting is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Lighting is used everywhere: in houses, commercial buildings and industrial plants Lighting energy consumption contribute to 20 to 45% in commercial buildings and about 3 to 10% in industrial plants.

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Glossary
Light: It is a form of electromagnetic energy radiated from a body which is capable of being perceived by human eye. LUMINAIRE: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps, lamp holders, optical elements to distribute the light, and the means for connection to a power source. Control gear, if required, may be integrated within the luminaire. Luminous flux (F): The total quantity of light energy emitted per second from a luminous body is called luminous flux. It is measured in lumens. Illumination: of a surface is defined as the luminous flux received by the surface per unit area. It is measured in lux or lumen/m2. Lamp efficiency: It is given by the ratio of luminous flux output to the electrical input. It is expressed in lumen per watt. Utilisation factor: It may be defined as the ration of lumens received by the working plane to the total lumens emitted by the light source.

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Different sources of lighting

Incandescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps
Compact Fluorescent lamps High pressure sodium lamps Low pressure sodium lamps Mercury vapour Metal halide LED lamps
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Incandescent

Compact Fluorescent lamp

Mercury vapour

HPSV

LED lamps

Fluorescent lamp Metal hallide

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Comparision of Different types of lighting fixtures

S.No 1 2 3 Type Life span Lumen/watt 10-25 85 130 Places where it is used In house hold purposes Indoor Indoor and Outdoor Incandescent 1000 hrs lamp Fluorescent HPSV 15,000 hrs 16,000 hrs

4
5 6 7

LPSV
Mercury vapour lamp Metal halide LED

20,000 hrs
5000 hrs 20,000hrs 50,000 hrs

110
60 100 250-300

Indoor and Outdoor

Outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor

Lighting System Description

Normal AC lighting system Essential AC lighting system DC emergency lighting system Maintenance/24V AC lighting system

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Power plant lighting system

Normal 240V AC lighting: Lighting circuits will be fed from 415V 3-ph AC supply through the lighting transformer. Essential 240V AC lighting: The lighting fixtures gets supply whenever normal AC voltage is available and also whenever DG sets supplies power in case of mains failure. This is provided in important areas of plant, control rooms etc. 20% of the AC lighting is connected to this system. Emergency 220V DC lighting : Incandescent DC lamps (normally OFF) will be provided at entrances, corridors, staircases, switchgear and control rooms. These lighting fixtures gets supply from 220V DC battery. Maintenance/Inspection 24V AC lighting: Single phase 3pin sockets with switches will be provided at select points for connecting portable hand lamps and/or hand tools.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Area wise Distribution in the plant

Area/Building Normal Turbine generator Building Boiler area (grade levels & platforms) Control room Switchyard Control room Switchyard & transformer area Switchgear & battery rooms 80% 80% Percentage Distribution of lighting Normal & emergency 20% 20% 220V DC 5% 5%

80% 80% 100% 80%

20% 20% -20%

10% 5% 5% 5%

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Area/Building Normal

Percentage Distribution of lighting Normal & emergency 220V DC

DG Set control room

Various pump house and electrical switchgear rooms such as coal handling control room , ash handling switchgear room, FOPH switchgear room, CWPH switchgear room, WT plant switchgear room etc All roads

80%
100%

20%
--

10%
At selected points

100%

--

--

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Lighting can be further classified as Indoor lighting Outdoor lighting

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Indoor lighting
TG Building Administration buildings Ware Houses Battery rooms Water treatment plants Switchgear rooms Compressor rooms

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Indoor lighting
Surface Mounted Recess Mounted Down Lighters Batten Type (Tube Lights)

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Outdoor lighting
Road lighting Facade Lighting Landscaping Lighting Yard lighting Switchyard lighting Coal yard lighting Transformer yard lighting Aviation obstruction lighting Chimney Cooling towers Boiler building TG building

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Road lighting
The mounting height of the luminaries shall be generally 9meters. For Single Lane road the luminaries shall be provided on single side. For double lane road the luminaries will be provided on both sides either in staggered formation or opposite to each other, which depends upon the road width and mounting height of the luminaire. For four lane roads having median, the luminaires will be provided in the median i.e., single pole with double arm. High mast lighting will be provided at the junction of the roads, at cluster of buildings etc. The control gear for street light shall be of non integral type The lighting poles shall be galvanised steel poles with reasonably thick layer of galvanising for ensuring long life.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Road lighting
High importance is given to visibility and maintenance rather than colour rendering. HPSV and HPMV are generally used for their high luminous efficiency.

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Flood light
Flood Lighting is the most effective method of outdoor lighting. The projectors are water tight and fitted with reflectors. Used in coal yard, transformer yard, silo area, parking and other outside working areas.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Industrial Well glass Luminaire

A heat resistant well glass with gasket ensures dust/jet proofness For protection of glass, a galvanized wire guard is provided.

Well glass is fitted and adequately gaskated to the canopy by means of retaining clamps.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Industrial low bay with aluminium reflector

Low bay fixtures are used when height of mounting is less than 6 mts. For mounting height upto 5 m florescent lamps will be provided. For mounting height of 5-6 m low bay fixtures will be provided. For mounting heights of 6-9 m medium bay fixtures will be used. For mounting heights above 9 m high bay fixtures will be used.

low bay

low bay

Medium bay

High bay

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Industrial Bulkhead Luminaire

An electro-galvanised MS wire guard ensures protection. Degree of protection: IP 65 First numeral 6 indicates Dust-tight :No ingress of dust. Second numeral 5 indicates Protection against water jets.

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Aviation Obstruction Light

S.no 1 Descriptio n Chimney Height( m) 275 Diameter(m) Top :7.54 Middle :15.5 Bottom:27.1 Lighting fixtures arrangement Provided at 1/3rd,2/3rd and at the top. At each level 4 lights will be provided at 90 degrees spacing Provided at the top of the structure. 8 lights will be provided at 45 degree spacing Type of light High intensity type-A flashing white light

Cooling Tower(CT)

150

Top :66 Throat:63

High intensity type-A flashing light

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Lighting supply distribution

For these systems, the main distribution supply will be 415V,3 phase, 4 wire (with neutral earthed), 50 Hz auxiliary power supply derived from the nearby 415V switchgear through lighting transformer. The secondary of lighting transformer will be connected to respective 415V, 3 phase, 4 wire AC lighting distribution board (LDB). The LDBs will be provided with number of outgoing circuits controlled by MCCBs to feed the lighting panels distributed in and around the plant as well as to directly feed three phase street lighting and yard lighting panels.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Lighting transformer
The lighting transformers will be of dry type and indoor location. The output rating of the transformers will be 50kVA, 75kVA, 100kVA or 150kVA.

Voltage ratio : 415 V (3 wire) / 433 V (4 wire) Vector group : DELTA / STAR with the Neutral solidly earthed on the star side Rated impedance : 4% Voltage taps : 5%, off-circuit taps on delta side

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Lighting distribution boards

The secondary of lighting transformers will be connected to 415 V, 3 phase, 4 wire, AC Lighting Distribution Boards (LDBs) through triple pole and neutral (TP & N) isolating MCCB. The LDBs will be located inside the plant buildings which will serve a number of lighting panels (LPs) distributed in and around the plant areas and also directly feed the three phase and neutral supply for street lighting, yard lighting and conveyor lighting circuits. The LDBs will have a number of outgoing circuits controlled by suitably rated Three phase & neutral (TP & N) MCCBs. Out-going circuits for street lighting, yard/outlying area lighting and conveyor lighting will be three phase and neutral type and will be provided with contactors for switching from a remote point. Timers shall be used to automatically switch on and off these lights

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Lighting panels
AC lighting panels (LPs) will receive 415 V AC, three phase, 4 wire supply from AC LDBs and will further distribute it to various lighting circuits. The LPs will be three phase type and will have one incomer controlled by 32/63/100 A MCCB and Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and a number of single phase outgoing circuits controlled by 16 A SP MCBs with neutral links. Lighting panels mounted in outdoor areas will be weatherproof outdoor type. The LPs located in outdoor areas / Corrosive areas/ Fire hazard areas/Coal mill area of the power station will be provided with the applicable degree of protection.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Lighting Circuits
Loading per circuit will be limited upto 80% of the MCB rating. For offices, the loading per circuit will be limited to 10 points or load will be limited to 1000W which ever is first. For industrial, the loading per circuit will be limited to 10 points or load will be limited to 3000W which ever is first. When high wattage lamps are connected in the circuit as in outdoor yard, road lighting etc., such circuits will be designed according to the load with proper cables and controlled by suitable rated switch fuse/MCCB/MCB.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Wiring
Lighting wires in non-hazardous area will be 1100 V grade stranded copper conductor, light duty PVC insulated, FRLS, unsheathed wires. In the hazardous areas cable wiring with 1100 V grade stranded aluminium conductor, PVC insulated, PVC inner sheathed, GI wire armoured and overall PVC sheathed cables will be adopted. For outdoor areas like transformer yard, switchyard and road lighting also cables will be adopted. Minimum size of wires in case of conduit wiring shall be 2.5 mm2 in case of lighting and 4 mm2 in case of receptacle wiring. Minimum cable size in case of cable wiring shall be 4 mm2 for lighting and 6 mm2 for receptacles. Lighting, power and communication cables will run in different conduits AC normal, AC essential, and DC emergency system wiring will run throughout in separate conduits. Wires of different phases will run in separate conduits. Wires of same phase of same DB with different circuit number will run in same conduit.

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Earthing
Lighting fixtures, receptacles, switches ,conduits and junction boxes are earthed using galvanised iron wire of 12swg. For out door lighting of poles and masts 25x6 mm MS flat will be runed in the ground GI wire is tapped at each lighting pole

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

Illumination levels and fixtures

S.No 1 Area/Structure TG building Avg. E level (lux) 200 Type of fixture Industrial well glass enamel reflector integral control gear. Industrial high bay Industrial well glass Luminare HPSV lamp

2 3

TG operating floor Ash slurry pump house, compressor room, vacuum pump house Administration building main offices/DC control room Underground tunnel in CH plant Roads

200 150

HPSV lamp HPSV lamp

350

Decorative recessed type with mirror optic reflector. Flame proof industrial bulk head Street lights with integral mounted control gear.

Fluorescent lamp HPMV

100

20

HPSV

Krishnapatnam Power Corporation Limited

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