UNMANNED RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM USING AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

SRTIST,NALGONDA.
PRESENTED BY

L.VANI(09141A04A8)
MD.UMAR(09141A04A7) A.UDAY(09141A04A6)
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF
Mr. CH.RAGHU RAMA RAJU B. Tech,

SRTIST,NALGONDA.

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to manage the control system of railway gate using the microcontroller. Due to carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers we come across many railway accidents occurring at railway crossings. In this project we are concerned with providing an automatic railway gate control at unmanned level crossings replacing gates operated by

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PROJECT KIT

WORKING
This

project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers. pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Relay sensor placed 5Km before the gate. motor is used for the purpose of the gate closing and opening. Interfaced to the ULN2003.

one

stepper

The

buzzer beeps for 15 seconds indicating the

 By

detecting the signal at tracks by sensors a command is sent to the micro controller which enables the LCD to display the arrival message and microcontroller operates motor that will close the gate.

When

the train departure is sensed by the sensors the signal is given to MCU which operates the motor in reverse direction and the gates are opened. Once the gate is opened signal for road users made green so that vehicles can pass through the gate.

RAILWAY CROSSING

ATMEL89S52

AT89S52 FEATURES
128

bytes-Internal RAM.

8K Bytes of In-System reprogrammable Flash .

6

Interrupt sources. On-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. Watch dog timers. the 89S52 contains 256 registers, is divided into two main parts GPR,SFR. GPR stands for 'General Purpose Register. SFRs (Special function Register). The maximum operating frequency of the AT89S52 is 33Mhz.

IR Sensors (Transmitter & Receiver)

A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter. These are made of gallium Arsenide. Along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.

LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the p-n junction. This effect is a form of electroluminescence.

INTERFACING LCD WITH MCU

LCD

is a 2 line 16 pin device. A C-language program is written to interface the LCD with AT89C52 is written in keel c software. These displays contain two internal byte-wide registers, one for command and second for characters to be displayed.

STEPPER MOTOR
A stepper

motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position can be controlled precisely, without any feedback mechanism. Stepper motors are constant power devices. By controlling a stepper motor operation we can 1.Increase or decrease the RPM of it. 2.Change its direction means rotate it clockwise or anticlockwise

Power supply

* A Step down transformer converts high voltage AC mains into low voltage AC. * A Rectifier converts AC into pulsating DC. * The Smoothing block smooth the DC. * Voltage Regulator sets DC output to a fixed

voltage.

TOOLS SPECIFICATION
HARDWARE

1.Microcontroller 2.Lcd 3.IR sensors 4.Stepper motor 5.ULN 2803 Driver 6.Led SOFTWARE

KEIL software: a software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing.

ADVANTAGES
Accident

avoidance. Human Resource. Safety and quality of services. Accuracy. User friendliness. There is no time lag to operate the devices. High reliability. Works on AC or DC supply. Effective in implementation.

APPLICATIONS
Real

time transport systems.

Same

gate control principle can be used for automatic track switching. of trains coming on same track

Detection

case.
For

the Garage door opening.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The basic thing such as prevention of accidents inside the gate and unnecessary of gate keeper has been fulfilled. The power supply for the motor operation and signal lights can be avoided and a battery charged by means of a solar cell. It can be used directly during the daytime and by charging the battery during night.

CONCLUSION

As the system is completely automated, it avoids manual errors and thus provide ultimate safety to road users. Microcontroller performs complete operation i.e.,sensing ,gate closing and opening operation is done by software coding written for microcontroller.

THANK YOU

ANY QUERIES???