Introduction

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -properties -Its uses

Calcium hydroxide was originally introduced to the

field of endodontics in 1920 as a pulp-capping agent, but its uses today are widespread in endodontic therapy.

Forms
1st form: liquid + suspended in a solvent.

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -properties -Its uses

2nd form: paste + suspended in methylcellulose.

In these first two forms material are used like a varnish.

Forms

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -properties -Its uses

3rd form: 2-paste system (catalyst and base) +

ingredients such as zinc oxide and calcium phosphate. A catalyst is present to cause calcium hydroxide to react and form a hard, amorphous compound within matter of min under oral condition. 4th form: contains a polymer resin that can be hardened by illumination.

Advantages
Initially bactericidal then bacteriostatic.
Promotes healing and repair. High pH ( pH= 11 ) stimulates fibroblasts. Neutralizes low pH of acids. Stops internal resorption. Inexpensive and easy to use.

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

Disadvantages
Associated with primary tooth resorption.

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

does not exclusively stimulate dentinogenesis does exclusively stimulate reparative dentin. May dissolve after one year with cavosurface

dissolution. Does not adhere to dentin or resin restoration.

Properties

COMPONENTS: Compound 1 and 2= paste with calcium hydroxide ,lc resin and polyphenolics. p/l or p/p ratio= 1 compound. setting reaction= acid base reaction.

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

Properties

STRUCTURE: arrangement= amorphous matrix, crystalline fillers. Bonding= covalent; ionic Composition= multiphase Defects=pores, cracks

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

Properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: LCTE= low Thermal conductivity= insulator Electrical conductivity= insulator

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

Properties
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Solubility- 0.3-0.5
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: Elastic mod=588 Compressive strength >24 hr=138 BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES Biocompatible

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

Uses:

-Introduction -Forms -Advantages -Disadvantages -Properties -Its uses

1) Calcium hydroxide- as intracanal medicament Most commonly used. It also plays a major role as an intervisit dressing in the disinfection of the root canal system.
Saturated Calcium hydroxide solution mixed with a

detergent is an effective antimicrobial agent suitable for irrigation.

Uses:
2) Calcium hydroxide- as endodontic sealer: * One major concern is that the calcium hydroxide content dissolve, leaving obturation voids.

Uses:
3) Calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agent

Calcium hydroxide Necrotic tissue Vital Inflamed tissue

Uses:
4) Calcium hydroxide in apexification there is also deposition of calcified tissue adjacent to the filling material. the calcified material is continuous with lateral root surfaces. The closure of apex may be partial or complete but consistently has minute communications with the periapical tissue.

Uses:
5) Calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy It is the most recommended pulpotomy medicament for pulpally involved vital young permanent tooth with incomplete apices.

Uses:
Internal resorption may result from :

- overstimulation of the primary pulp by the highly alkaline calcium hydroxide metaplasia within the pulp tissue formation of odontoclasts. - Also undetected microleakage could allow large numbers of bacteria to overwhelm the pulp and nullify the beneficial effects of calcium hydroxide.

Uses:
6) Calcium hydroxide in weeping canals weeping canal ??? It happens because pH of periapical tissues is acidic in weeping stage which gets converted into basic pH by calcium hydroxide. In these cases tooth with exudates is not ready for filling. For such teeth dry the canals with sterile absorbant paper points and place calcium hydroxide in canal.

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