ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH

Presented by: Azni Zulaikha Intan Syamimi Nur Aimi Nur Syaza

ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH

LINKING

ELISION

LIAISON

JUNCTURE

CONTRACTION

ELISION- CONTRACTION
Contraction is shortening of a word. Examples: had would: spelt d - I + had = Id - / ad / - I + would = Id - / ad /

have: spelt ve - I + have = Ive / av / are : spelt re , pronounced after vowels, usually with some change in the proceeding vowel. -eg: - you / ju: / + are = youre / j / or / j /

Contractions are is also pronounced as // or /r/ when following consonants. - Example: they + are = theyre / e / not : spelt nt - Example: could + not = couldnt / kdnt /

LINKING
Link words together in special ways.

LIAISON
Smooth linking or joining together of words in connected speech

LINKING /r/

Linking / r / - Phoneme / r / is not pronounce in syllable-final position. - But when a word spell with final r and a word beginning with a vowel follows, the usual pronunciation is to pronounce with / r /

Linking /r/
In the words far and four, the r-sounds suggested by the spelling are not normally pronounced The r-sounds are pronounced only when followed by words beginning with a vowel as in the sequences : far away /fr we/ four eggs /fr gz/

OTHER EXAMPLES OF LINKING /r/

Here - /h/

Here are - /hr /

Four - /f/

Four eggs - /fr ez/ Care about /ker bat/

Care - /ke/

Intrusive /r/
BBC speakers often join the words with the letter r even when it does not occur in the written form. This sound is just inserted and pronounced by the speaker. It appears between two words when the first word ends with // or //. Examples : -Formula A - /fmjlr e/ -Media event - /midir vent/

INTRUSIVE /w/

The intrusive /w/ sound occur when face a vowel-vowel word junction. The lesser of two evils / tuw ivl/ You are - /ju: wa:/ Go off - /g wf/

INTRUSIVE /j/
When the word before also ends with a vowel sound, then /j/ sound is added between the two words. Example : i) That was me on the phone./mijn/ ii) The boy ate all his dinner. /bj et/ iii) She must be out. /bij at/

JUNCTURE
Intrusive r and other forms of linking are related to the linguistic phenomenon of juncture. Juncture is defined as the relationship between one sound and the sounds that immediately precede and follow it.

INTERNAL JUNCTURE
Identify a type of juncture that occurs within a phrase. 2 types of internal juncture

INTERNAL CLOSE JUNCTURE

The normal transition from one phoneme to the next within an utterance. Example : TRAIN (the close juncture is determined by the manner of transition /t/ to /r/

INTERNAL OPEN JUNCTURE

It is a manner of transition which contrast with close juncture. It keeps meaning apart. This is a manner of transition from one phoneme to the next in 2 utterances. Examples : A NAME AN AIM NIGHT RATE NITRATE

DOUBLE BAR JUNCTURE

This is a terminal juncture that means arise in pitch. Example : Are you ok?

a: + ju: + ke:

Single bar juncture

This is a terminal juncture that is marked by a sustention of the voice. This pause determines a change in the sense or meaning of the expression. Example : I can tell Mary ai + kaen + tel meri: I can tell , Mary a: + kaen + tel | meri:

THANK YOU.