Chronologic development and eruption of teeth: A variety of developmental defects that are evident after eruption of primary and

permanent teeth can be related to systemic and local factors that influence matrix formation and the calcification process. The sequence of calcification of primary teeth is central incisor,lateral incisor,canine and second molar.the factors that have been related to the eruption of teeth include elongation of root,forces exerted by vascular tissue around and beneath the root ,growth of the alveolar bone,growth if dentin,growth of pull of periodontal memberane,hormonal influnece,present of viable dental follcile,pressure from muscular action and resorption of alveolar crest.

Tooth eruption is a series of metabolic events in alveolar bone characterized by bone resorption and formation on opposite sides of dental follicle and the tooth does not contribute to this process.teeth eruption is influenced by pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone related protein for tooth eruption

Eruption of premolars teeth are delay in children who loss primary molar at 4 or 5 and before , if extraction of primary molar occurs after the age of 5 there is a decrease in delay of premolar eruption , at 8-10 premolar eruption resulting from premature loss of primary teeth is greatly accelerated.

The mandibular canine erupt before maxillary and mandibular first premolar in girls ,in boys eruption is reversed,.. Most common sequence eruption of permanent teeth in mandibular is 1st molar,central incisor,lateral incisor,canine,first premolar,second premolar and 2nd molarbut in maxilla is 1st molar,central incisor,lateral incisor,first premolar,second premolar,canine and second molar

There may be insufficient room in the arc for the newly erupted permanent tooth , its position will improve over several months , in some case there is justification for removal of the corresponding primary tooth , extraction of other primary teeth in the area is not recommended , because it will only temporarily relieve the crowding and may even contribute to the development of more severe arch length in adequancy.

Because the eruption of teeth is a normal physiologic process , the association with fever and systemic disturbances is not justified ,A fever or respiratory tract infection during this time should be considered coincidental to the eruption process rather that related to it . inflemation of gingival tissue before complete emergence of crown may cause a temporary painful condition that subside within a few days.

A bluish purple,elevated area of tissue,commonly called an hematoma,occasionally develops a few weeks before the eruption of primary or permanent teeth,usually within in a few days the tooth breaks trough the tissue and because of condition is almost self limited treatment of eruption hematoma is rarely necessary.

THE PREVALANCE OF NATAL TEETH(PRESENT AT BRITH)AND NOENATAL TEETH(TEETH THAT ERUPT DURING FIRST 30 DAYS) IS LOW.THE TERM NATAL AND NEONATAL CONSTITUTE A RELATIVELY ARTIFICIAL DISTINCTION AND SHOULD BE FURTHER QUALIFIED TO PROVIDE A MORE PRATICAL CLINICAL MEANINGTHEY SUGHESTED THE TERM MATURE AND IMMATURE ARE MORE KEEPING WITH THE VARYING PROGNOSE ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH TEETH.

Small , white or grayish white lesions on the alveolar mucosa of the newborn may on rare occasions be incorrectly diagnosed as natal teeth . the lesion are usually multiple but do not increase in size , no treatment is indicated , since the lesions are spontaneously shed a few weeks after birth. Three types of inclusion cysts: 1.Epstein pearls 2.Bohn modules 3..Dental lamina cysts

1)Ankylosed teeth:
The mandibular primary molars are the teeth most often observed to be ankylosed,in unusual case all primary molars may become firmly attached to the alveolar bone before their normal exfoliation time. Anlylosis of primary molar to alveolar bone dose not usually occur until after its root resorption begins.

2)Ankylosis of primary molars with absence of permanent successors:

the importance of the presence of a permanent successor for normal exfoliation of a primary molar,no ankylosed primary molars without permanent successors were found to exfoliate spontaneously,however very small root absorption was observed for most of ankylosed tooth.

3)Ankylosed permanent teeth:

The incomplete eruption of a permanent molar may be related to a small area of root ankylosis

4)Trismoy 21 syndrome(down sundrome)

Trismoy 21 syndrome (down syndrome) is one of the congenital anomalies in which delayed eruption of the teeth frequently occurs.the orbits are small,the eyes slope upward and the bridge of the nose is more depressed than normal.

5)HYPOTHYROIDISM Hypothyroidism is another possible cause of delayed eruption . patients in whom the function of thyroid gland is extremely deficient have characteristic dental finding .

6)CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM(CRETINISM) Hypothyroidisim occuring at birth and during the period of most rapid growth,if undetected and treated,cause mental deficiency and dwarfism

7)Juvenile hypothyroidism(acquired hypothyroidism) Juvenile hypothyroidism result from a malfunction of thyroid gland,usually between 6 and 12 yrs.because the deficiency occurs after period of rapid growth,the unusual facial and body pattern chararcteristic of a person with congenital hypothyroidism is not peresent however obsity is evident to a lesser degree.

8)Hypopituitarism: A pronounced deceleration of a growth of bones and soft tissue of the body will result from a deficiency in secretion of the growth hormone

9)Achondroplastic DWARFISM:
It diagnosed at birth, demonstrate a few characteristic dental findings , growth of extremities is limited because of a lack of calcification in the cartilage of long bone ,it occur when the ages of parents differ significantly.

SABETRASEKH SEPEHR KARAMI SHARAM