MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Sheena Angela B. Diolata

A CANCER FORMED BY MALIGNANT PLASMA CELLS

When plasma cells grow out of control

MULTIPLE MYELOMA
MORE THAN ONE PLASMA CELL TUMOR

PLASMACYTOMA
SINGLE PLASMA CELL TUMOR

ISOLATED PLASMACYTOMA

 myeloma cells also interfere with cells that help keep the bones strong myeloma cells make a substance that tells the osteoclasts to speed up dissolving the bone fractured bones are a major problem in people with myeloma

 abnormal plasma cells do not protect the body from infections the antibody made by myeloma cells can harm the kidneys. This can lead to kidney damage and even kidney failure. Median survival time for patients with multiple myeloma is 3 to 5 years. Death usually results from infection.

AGE

FAMILY HX

GENDER

WORKPLACE EXPOSURES

RACE

OBESITY

RADIATION

OTHER PLASMA DISEASE

RISK FACTORS

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Classic presenting symptom

BONE PAIN (BACK OR RIBS)

Bone pain increases with movement

Pain intensity increases during day Excessive thirst Dehydration Constipation Confusion

HYPERCALCEMIA RENAL FAILURE

Manifested by

ANEMIA
Epistaxis Headache Blurred vision Paresthesia

HYPERVISCOSITY

Manifested by

ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS

SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS URINE PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

X-RAY

CBC

BONE MARRROW BIOPSY

Presence of lytic bone lesion

CONFIRMATORY

Presence of sheets of plasma cells

Hallmark diagnostic criterion

Medical Management

There is no cure for multiple myeloma

Primary tx

Chemotherapy
-Strengthening the bone at a specific lesion -Relieving bone pain -Reducing tumor size

Radiation Therapy

Lytic lesion result in vertebral compression

Vertebroplasty

Immediate relief from pain

-Strengthen bone -Controlling bone pain -Preventing bone fracture -Managing/preventing hypercalcemia

Biophosphonates

Medical Management
hyperviscosity Plasmapheresis

There is no cure for multiple myeloma

Thalidomide

Antimyeloma effects

Proteasome inhibiting agent

-Inhibits angiogenesis -Promotes apoptosis

-Inhibits cytokines -Boosting bodys immune response -Creating favorable conditions for apoptosis of the myeloma cells

CC-5013

NURSING MANAGEMENT PAIN MANAGEMENT NSAIDS

ACTIVITY RESTRICTIONS
HEALTH EDUCATION ON HYPERCALCEMIA

RENAL FUNCTION MONITORING INFECTION PREVENTION MEASURES

3 L/day