Starr/Taggarts Biology:
The Unity and Diversity of Life, Chapter 46
10e
Key Concepts:
Behavior refers to coordinated responses that an animal makes to stimuli Forms of behavior have a genetic basis Certain behaviors are instinctive and are triggered by sign stimuli The nervous system can process and retain information used to vary or change behavioral responses
Key Concepts:
Behavior has evolved by way of natural selection Evolved modes of communication underlie social behavior - communication signals Having a social group has costs and benefits
Altruistic behavior allows individuals to help others while sacrificing personal reproductive success
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Instinctive
Behavior not learned Cues in environment Sign stimuli Fixed action pattern
Hormones
Melatonin secretion suppresses gonads in winter Seasonal Estrogen in embryo males-> song syst.
Adult coastal garter snake eating a banana slug young coastal garter snake tongue-flicking at cotton swab w/ slug fluids
Fig. 46.3, p. 828
Zebra finch
Male song
young European cuckoo instinctively shoving host nest egg from the nest
Konrad Lorenz
Sim to Fig. 46.7, p. 830
46.3 The adaptive value of behavior (why do patterns persist?)- natural selection at work - keep these in mind
1. Reproductive success 2. Adaptive behavior 3.Social behavior 4.Selfish behavior 5. Altruistic behavior
Behavioral biologists profitably look for evidence of natural selection of the individuals traits rather than that of the species
Acoustical
Composite signal Signals can be context - related
Weve all seen this: a dog soliciting play behavior with a play bow. Any aggressive or other behavior that follows is context-related.
Fig. 46.8, p. 832
Dances of Honeybees
Tactile displays Karl von Frisch Round dance -a Waggle dance b- food further Recruits can orient its flight with respect to the sun and the hive
A nuptial present provided By the male hangfly. The larger the present, the more likely his mating success.
Female and male Casparian terns feeding and protecting their chicks: costs as well as benefits
Appeasement behavior between baboons: its apparent which individual is the dominant one. See essay for ch 36 on chimps.
46.6 Cost of Living in Social Groups. Why arent there more social species? Competition for food and habitat Competition for mate Spread of contagious disease and parasites
A very large colony of royal penguins on Macquarie Island between New Zealand and Antarctica
Evolutionary hypotheses about the adaptive value of behavior can be tested & we gain understanding @ human behavior
In Conclusion
Animal behavior originates with genes that
specify products required for the development and operation of different systems
A behavior performed without having been
changes in responses
In Conclusion
Behavior with a genetic basis is subject to
In Conclusion
Chemical, visual, acoustical and tactile
benefits
In Conclusion
Altruistic behavior limits chances of
developed by M. Roig