8:30-8:55 8:55-9:00 9:00-9:50 9:50-10:00 10:00-10:25 10:25-10:30 10:30-10:55 Afternoon

Psychosomatic Medicine Break Pain Break Behavioral Neuroanatomy Break Cultural Diversity Blackboard Video Exercise #3

Behavioral Neuroanatomy
Anna DePold Hohler, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology

Learning Objectives

Match the regions/divisions of the cerebral cortex to their major functions Identify the four structural components of the basal ganglia Discuss the hemispheric specialization in terms of function

http://02a53ed.netsolhost.com/eyedocksblog/neuroplasticity-teachingan-old-brain-new-tricks

Divisions of the brain and their function: Frontal Lobes

Four Major Subdivisions:

Motor strip Supplemental Motor Area Brocas area- language function, dominant hemisphere (left for most right handed people) Prefrontal Cortex

The story of Phineas Gage. Orbitofrontal cortex is involved in control over biological drives If damaged it can result in inappropriate behavior, poor judgment, and lack of remorse

Divisions of the brain and their function: Prefrontal cortex

Involved in reward circuit and activated in drug addicts

Dorsolateral convexity is involved in planning for future action If damaged it can cause decreased motivation, attention and mood disturbances

Divisions of the brain and their function: Frontal Lobes

Medial cortex is involved in control of movement

If damaged it can result in apathy, decreased spontaneous movement, and walking problems with incontinence

Schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorders are both associated with decreased bilateral prefrontal cortical activity as measured by functional MRI and PET.

Divisions of the brain and their function: Frontal Lobes

Decreased activity in the left prefrontal regions can result in depression, activation of this region can result in a positive mood Decreased activity in the right prefrontal regions can manifest with elevated mood, and activation in this region can result in stress.

Divisions of the brain and their function: Temporal Lobes

Help with memory, learning, emotion and auditory processing Damage can result in impaired memory, aggressive behavior, and inability to understand language (Wernickes aphasia with a left sided lesion)

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Divisions of the brain and their function: Limbic Lobes

Amygdala is involved in coordination of emotion (anger and aggression)

Hippocampus is involved in memory storage

If damaged it can lead to Kluver Bucy syndrome (decreased aggression, increased sexuality, and hyperorality), or a decreased conditioned fear response, or an inability to recognized facial and vocal expressions of anger in others If damaged it can lead to poor new learning

The volume of limbic structures like the amygdala and the hippocampus are reduced in patients with schizophrenia.

Papez Circuit

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Divisions of the brain and their function: Parietal Lobes

The parietal lobes are responsible for sensation and body image

Damage to the parietal lobes can lead to impaired intelligence, impaired possessing of visual information Gerstmanns syndrome can result from a left parietal lobe lesion and produce finger agnosia, alexia, agraphia, right left confusion, and acalculia.

http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/az-of-medical-conditions/stroke/specific-nps-stroke.shtml

Divisions of the brain and their function: Occipital Lobes

Responsible for vision and visual processing

If the occipital lobes are damaged visual hallucinations, illusions or blindness can result.

The basal ganglia

Receive information from the cerebral cortex and project it to the frontal lobes via the thalamus.

Striatum (caudate nucleus and the putamen) Pallidum (globus pallidus) Substantia nigra Subthalamic nucleus Translate the desire to execute movement into actual movements.

The basal ganglia

Parkinsons symptoms can be produced by overactivity of the striatum or damage to the substantia nigra Huntingtons disease can be produced by underactivity of the striatum and shrinkage of the caudate nucleus Tourettes syndrome is associated with damage to the caudate Hemiballismus or flailing movements can be caused by damage to the subthalamic nucleus

Hemispheric specialization

The right hemisphere is involved in spatial relations, body image, recognition of faces and music, puzzle solving, map reading, and musical and artistic abilities. The left hemisphere is involved in language (speech, writing, reading). The left hemisphere is dominant in right handed and most left handed individuals. The connection between the hemisphere is the corpus callosum and the commissures.

Summary of Learning Objectives

Match the regions/divisions of the cerebral cortex to their major functions Identify the four structural components of the basal ganglia Discuss the hemispheric specialization in terms of function

Questions

8:30-8:55 8:55-9:00 9:00-9:50 9:50-10:00 10:00-10:25 10:25-10:30 10:30-10:55 Afternoon

Psychosomatic Medicine Break Pain Break Behavioral Neuroanatomy Break Cultural Diversity Blackboard Video Exercise #3