Types of Cell
1. Prokaryotic Cell - cell that lacks nucleus or membranebounded organelles but with prokaryotic cell membrane - more primitive cells - nucleoid as region of DNA concentration
3 Architectural Regions
Cell Envelope generally consists of a cell wall covering a plasma membrane though some bacteria also have a further covering layer called a capsule.
3 Architectural Regions
Cytoplasmic Region that contains the cell genome (DNA) and ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.
3 Architectural Regions
Appendages include flagella and pili (projected from the cells surface) that facilitate movement and communication between cells.
Endosymbiotic Theory
The eukaryotic cell evolved from a symbiotic community of prokaryotic cells. Specifically, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts, have their own DNA that is completely distinct from the DNA housed in the nucleus, are what remains of ancient symbiotic oxygen-breathing bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively, whereas the rest of the cell seems to be derived from an ancestral archaean prokaryote cell.
Types of Cell
2. Eukaryotic Cell - contains membrane-bound compartments for metabolic activities - has nucleus that houses its DNA. Examples: plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Focus on Differences
FEATURES Typical Organisms Specialization Eukaryotic Cells Found in "complex" organisms. Can specialize for certain functions, such as absorbing nutrients from food or transmitting nerve impulses. Most animal cells are 10 30 micrometers across. Most plant cells are 10 100 micrometers across. Prokaryotic Cells Found in "simple" organisms. Usually exist as single, virtually identical cells.
Size
FEATURES Nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Contain a nucleus and Lack a nucleus and other many other organelles, membrane-encased each surrounded by a organelles membrane (the nucleus and mitochondrion have two membranes) One (or more) present in Absent each nucleus Linear molecules (chromosomes) with histone proteins Complete nuclear fusion between gametes, with equal contributions from both genomes circular (usually)
Nucleolus DNA
Sexual System
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Internal Membranes
Present in plant cells, but Present, but chemically never contain muramic different in many respects acid from eukaryotes (e.g. presence of muramic acid) Complex Usually simple and often compartmentalization transient, if present at all into endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, etc
Animal Cell
Nuclear Pore
Free Ribosome
8.Mitochondrion
6.Golgi Complex
N. Envelope 3. Nucleus Nucleolus 5. Rough E.R. 4. Ribosome 2. Cytoplasm 10. Centrioles 9. Microtubules
PC
Allows water, oxygen, ions and certain organic molecules to enter and toxic or useless by-products of cellular metabolism to exit through it. Composed of two layers of fats with proteins scattered all over (Lipid Layer).
Cytoplasm
LIGHT BLUE AREA
Nucleolus
Most cells have 2 or more Forms ribosomes. Control center
Chromosomes
Contain A. DNA B. Proteins C.Form for cell division A person has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
DNA
Carries genetic information Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
proteins
Serve as channels through which materials are transported in the cell. 2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum: a) Smooth ER b) Rough ER
Mitochondrion: Powerhouse
Converts food molecules to energy needed to power the cell. Made up of two membranes: a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane with numerous folds known as the cristae.
Contains its own DNA and capable of reproducing itself. from MAMA
Mitochondrion: Powerhouse
Cytoskeletons
Interconnected system of: a. Microtubules- hollow tubes that form a network within the cell. b. Microfilaments- are long fiber-like strands. c. Intermediate filaments- found in animal cell only. Provide support and movement to the cell. Made up of protein.
Cytoskeletons
Microtubules Microfilaments
Centrioles
Made up of two microtubules lying just outside the nuclear membrane.
Plant Cell
Ribosome Nuclear Pore Nucleus Nucleolus Rough E.R. Cytoplasm P. Membrane Cell Wall Mitochondrion Free Ribosome Vesicle Microtubules Chloroplast Smooth E.R.
sun light
Organic Matter
CO2
b. Chromoplasts or Colored Plastids red, yellow and orange pigment; give flower and fruit colors.
c. Leucoplast or Colorless Plastids store food in the form of starch.
Vacuole
Cell Wall
The cell wall is only in plant cells. Provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Cell Wall
Summary:
STRUCTURE Cell Wall Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Centrioles Cilia or Flagella Lysosome Intermediate Filament Plant Cell Animal Cell