Chapter 10

Construction #1
Construct a segment congruent to a given segment. This is our compass.

Given:
Procedure:
A B

Construct: XY = AB 2. Choose radius! Dont change yourany point on l and label it X.

l X Y

1. Use a straightedge to draw a line. Call it l.

3. Set your compass for radius AB and make a mark on the line where B lies. Then, move your compass to line l and set your pointer on X. Make a mark on the line and label it Y.

Construction #2
Construct an angle congruent to a given angle Given:
A

Procedure:
1) Draw a ray. Label it RY. 2) Using B as center and any radius, draw an arc intersecting BA and BC. Label the points of intersection D and E. 3) Using R as center and the SAME RADIUS as in Step 2, draw an arc intersecting RY. Label point E2 the point where the arc intersects RY 4) Measure the arc from D to E. 5) Move the pointer to E2 and
make an arc that that intersects the blue arc to get point D2 6) Draw a ray from R through D2

Construct:
D2 R E2 Y

Construction #3
How do I construct a Bisector of a given angle?
A X B Z C

Given:

Procedure:

1.

Using B as center and any radius, draw and arc that intersects BA at X and BC at point Y.

2. Using X as center and a suitable radius, draw and arc. Using Y as center and the same radius, draw an arc that intersects the arc with center X at point Z. 3. Draw BZ.

Construction #4
How do I construct a perpendicular bisector to a given segment?
X

Given:

A Y

Procedure:

1.

Using any radius greater than 1/2 AB, draw four arcs of equal radii, two with center A and two with center B. Label the points of intersection X and Y. Draw XY

2.

Construction #5
How do I construct a perpendicular bisector to a given segment at a given point?
Z

Given:

Procedure:

1.

2.

3.

Using C as center and any radius, draw arcs intersecting k at X and Y. Using X as center and any radius greater than CX, draw an arc. Using Y as center and the same radius, draw and arc intersecting the arc with center X at Z. Draw CZ.

Construction #6
How do I construct a perpendicular bisector to a given segment at a given point outside the line?
P

Given:

k X Y

Procedure:

1.

2.
3.

Using P as center, draw two arcs of equal radii that intersect k at points X and Y. Using X and Y as centers and a suitable radius, draw arcs that intersect at a point Z. Draw PZ.

Construction #7
How do I construct a line parallel to a given line through a given point?
P 1 l k A B

Given:

Procedure:

1. 2.

Let A and B be two points on line k. Draw PA. At P, construct <1 so that <1 and <PAB are congruent corresponding angles. Let l be the line containing the ray you just constructed.

Concurrent Lines
If the lines are Concurrent then they all intersect at the same point.

The point of intersection is called the point of concurrency

What are the 4 different types of concurrent lines for a triangle?

Concurrent Lines
I. II. Perpendicular bisectors Angle bisectors

Point of Concurrency
Circumcenter Incenter Orthocenter Centriod

III. Altitudes IV. Medians

Circumcenter Incenter

SP SP

Orthocenter Centroid

SP SP

Given a point on a circle, construct the tangent to the circle at the given point . Given: Point A on circle O.
5 3 X PROCEDURE:
1) Draw Ray OA 2) Construct a perpendicular through OA at point A.

Construction #8

3) Draw tangent line XY

2
O P A

1
Q

Y 4

Construct arcs 3same using Now, using the & 4 radius, point Q asarcs center using construct the 5 & 6 and any Construct arcs 1 and that suitable as the center so 2 point P radius (keep this using radius) any suitable & 4 to they intersect arcs 3 radius and A as the Y get points X & center

Given a point outside a circle, construct a tangent to the circle from the given point.
Given: point A not on circle O
X 3 1 PROCEDURE:
1) Draw OA. 2) Find the midpoint M of OA (perpendicular bisector of OA)

Construction #9

3) Construct a 2nd circle with center M and radius MA A 4) So you get points of tangency at X & Y arcs the 2 using intersect Construct where1& arcsusing Constructcircle 3& 4 the red arcs a suitable tangents greater radius AX 5) the same radius& AY Draw

than AO (greater than AO) ( keep this radius for 6 You get arcs 5 & the next step)

Construction #10
Given a triangle construct the circumscribed circle.
Given: Triangle ABC
B 3 1

7
6

PROCEDURE:
1) Construct the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle and label the point of intersection F.

F A

Bisect point B construct From segment BC; Using 2) Set your compass pointer aarcs 7 F and the radius to a line toradius greater draw point & 8 and than measure FC. point 1/2BC from the C connecting 3) Draw the circle 5 the arcs construct arcsof & center F , intersections with 6 C that passes through the vertices A, B, Now construct & C perpendicular the bisector of A construct and 3 Bisect segment AC; Using label From point segment ABarcs a & point draw a line connecting the radius where the lines meet. 4 and F,greater than31/2AC from point C construct arcs 1 intersections of the arcs & 2

8
5 4 2

Construction #11
Given a triangle construct the inscribed circle.
Given: Triangle ABC
B PROCEDURE:
1) Construct the angle bisectors of angles A, B, & C, to get a point of intersection and call it F 2) Construct a perpendicular to side AC from point F, and label this point G.

3) Put your pointer on point F and set your radius to FG.

A
X

C
Y

4) Draw the circle using F as the center and it should be tangent to all the sides of the triangle.

Construction #12 Given made 3 Remember you a segment,

divide the segment into a givenbecause you are dividing parts. number of congruent
by 3, but if you wanted to divide by, say, 6 you Given: Segment AB PROCEDURE: would have to make 6 Divide AB into 3 congruent parts. congruent parts on RAY from 1) Construct ANY the raypoint A thats not7,8,9 and so on for AB A C D B
2) Construct 3 congruent segments on the ray using ANY RADIUS starting from point A. Label the new points X, Y, & Z

Use any suitable radius that Three congruent will give some distance Remembersegments between the points keep the same radius!!

So AC=CD=DB

1
Z

3) Draw segment ZB and copy the angle AZB ( 1) to vertices X & Y 4) Draw the the rays from X & Y, they should be parallel to the segment ZB and divide AB into 3 congruent parts.

Construction #13
Given three segments construct a fourth segment (x) so that the four segments are in proportion.

Given:

a b c

Construct: segment x such that a b c x

x

b a 1

PROCEDURE:
1) Using your straight edge construct an acute angle of any measure.

2) On the lower ray construct a and then c from the end of a. 3) On the upper ray construct b and then connect the ends of a & b 4) Next copy angle 1 at the end of c and then construct the parallel line

Construction #14
Given 2 segments construct their geometric mean. Mark off 2 arcs from Y. a Keep the segment x such Given: Construct: same radius and that: b Make sure to set your radius to more mark off 2 more arcs from X, a x than 1/2NM the first two. crossing then: x b Mark off 2 arcs from M. Keep the same Mark off 2 equal distances on either radius and mark offPROCEDURE: N, 2 more arcs from 9 7 3 The orange segment is x any radius and 1 side of point O using the Q K then bisect this 1) Drawthe and crossing between a ray first two. geometric meanthe new segment mark off a+b. lengthsDrawand b 2) Bisect a+b (XY) and label point M. of a the perpendicular bisector PQ 6 5 through point O X Y 3) Construct the circle M (I used the distance from O to M,with center M N a O but remember any radius will do) b and radius = MY (or MX)

8 10 2 4
P L

4) Construct a perpendicular where segment a meets segment b (point O)

The Meaning of Locus

If a figure is a locus then it is the set of all points that satisfy one or more conditions.

The term locus is just a technical term meaning a set of points.

So , a circle is a locus.

Why??
Because it is a set of points a given distance from a given point.

What can a locus be??

Remember it is a SET OF POINTS so if you recall the idea of sets from algebra it is possible for a set to be empty. So a set could be:

A. The empty set. (no points fit the condition or conditions)

B. A single point. C. Two points, three points.

D. An infinite set of points. (like a line, circle, curve,)

Examples of a Locus in a Plane

Locus Problems