Member nations agree to protect each others independence and territorial integrity.
Article 10 of charter requires members to defend one anothers borders (Territorial Integrity) This is most controversial provision
NOT Present
GER (Weimer Republic) Russia (Bolsheviks Lenin)
Italy
Italy expects territory on Adriatic and in N. Africa Becomes clear Italy will NOT get these lands Orlando leaves Italy incurred MASSIVE debt in war got little of spoils
Orlando
France
Security: Disarm Germany Prevent any future attack
Revenge/Reparations:
GER must pay for all damage to France FR gets back FrancoPrussian War losses GER loses all colonies Make example of GER
Clemenceau
Great Britain
In Public: Punish GER War Guilt Clause Squeeze them until the pips squeak In Private:
David Lloyd-George
Great Britain
Why a strong GER? Important trade partner Serve as a barrier to keep communism from spreading Why not say this publically? British people VERY thirsty for revenge
David Lloyd-George
United States
Implement 14 points Subject GER to JUST punishment (not too harsh) Avoid resentments League of Nations = #1 Priority
Wilson
No Air Force
Rhineland De-Militarized
Treaty of Guarantee
FR believes GER will attack again unless FR takes control of all land West of Rhine:
GB and US make pledge to guarantee FR security from future GER attack FR then accepts German border that extends to Rhine Rhineland is part of GER (but no troops allowed there)
Rhineland De-Militarized
May seem unfair but GER forced FR to pay after Franco-Prussian War
Membership Excludes:
Russia Germany Remember that pesky Article 10!
SoLets Review
Point 1: Point 2: Point 3: Point 4: Point 5: Points 6-13: Point 14: GER not humiliated? NO! NO! NO! NO! (GER only) NO! Partly (YG, A-H separate, AL
back to FR, OE gone)
YES! NO!
Opposition in US Senate
Reservationists:
League of Nations is biggest problem
Article 10!!
Fear will draw U.S. into wars without approval from Congress. Also opposed Treaty of Guarantee
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
Is Britain Happy?
German Navy limited and no freedom of seas, BUT Heavy Sanctions mean slow GER recovery
Is US happy?
Wilson traded most goals for LON Allowed humiliation of Germany Gained little other than self-determination
Lose many lives for little gain Orlando and his govt blamed clears way for new govt