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Prof Vijay Mishra THE BIOWORLD

BIOCHEMISTRY OF CELL

The Study Of The Chemicals Of The Living Organism

Prof. Vijay Mishra

THE CELLS
CELL: The Fundamental

Structural And Functional Unit Of Life UNICELLULAR: amoeba MULTICELLULAR: man

Prof. Vijay Mishra

Water Pool
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THE CELLS CELLULAR POOL: Collection Of Various Kinds biomolecules of a Cell ORGANIC: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats INORGANIC: Water, Salts And Minerals Etc
Prof. Vijay Mishra

 MACROMOLECULES:

PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACID MICROMOLECULES: CARBOHYDRATES and LIPIDS

Prof. Vijay Mishra

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CARBOHYDRATES
MEANING: C(H2O), the

proportion of carbon and hydrogen is same as water COMPOSITION: C,H and O GENERAL FORMULA:

CnH2nOn
Prof. Vijay Mishra

MONOSACCHARIDE

DISACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE Classification of carbohydrates

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The monosaccharide usually have

CARBOHYDRATES CnH2nOn

3 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule

They named according to the

number of carbon atoms present1. Trioses (3c): C3H6O3; glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone
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CARBOHYDRATES
1. Tetroses (4c): C4H8O4; eg. erythrose 2. Pentoses (5c): C5H10O5; eg. ribose, deoxyribose 3. Hexoses (6c): C6H12O6; eg. glucose, fructose 4. Heptoses (7c): C7H14O7;eg.

sedoheptulose
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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Functional Groups are

groups of atoms in a molecule that participate in characteristic reactions.

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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Functional Groups are

groups of atoms in a molecule that participate in characteristic reactions.

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CARBOHYDRATES
FUNCTIONAL GROUP:

Either Aldehyde (-CHO) or Ketone (C=O) group and two or more Hydroxyl (-OH) groups
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CARBOHYDRATES

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Classification Of Carbohydrates

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MONOSACCHARIDES
LINEAR CYCLIC

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MONOSACCHARIDES

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MONOSACCHARIDES Soluble (s) Sweet (s) Crystalline (c) Simple Sugar (3-7c) Monomer
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MONOSACCHARIDES

May Be Aldoses (Glucose,xylose) Or may be Ketoses (Ribulose, Fructose)

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DISACCHARIDES
Made up of Two

Monosaccharide The covalent bond joins monosaccharide units is called Glycosidic Bond
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Formation of C-O-C
1 2

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Formation of glycosidic bond

During formation of disaccharide one water molecule is release, called condensation (DEHYDRATION) reaction
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HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS is the breaking of glycosidic bond by adding water, releasing two monosaccharide

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DISACCHARIDES

Soluble (S) Sweet (S) Crystalline (C)

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DISACCHARIDES

MALTOSE (glucose+glucose) LACTOSE(glucose+galactose) SUCROSE (glucose+fructose)

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POLYSACCHARIDES
Complex carbohydrates Consists of thousands of

units of monosaccharide May be Homopolysccharide or Heteropolysaccharide

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POLYSACCHARIDES

Insoluble (s) Tasteless (s) Amorphous (c)

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POLYSACCHARIDES

General Formula:

(C6H10O5)n
Many Condensation

Reaction
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POLYSACCHARIDES

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ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES
Primary Source Of Energy for metabolism, monosaccharide like glucose is main substrate for synthesis of ATP

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ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES

In mammals, disaccharide lactose present in the milk, provides energy to their babies

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ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES
Storage Polysaccharides: starch and glycogen acts as the reserve food in plant and animal respectively
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ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES
Structural

Polysaccharides: carbohydrates like cellulose form component of cell wall

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ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES

Heteropolysaccharides : hyaluronic acid

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EXCEPTIONS
There are some organic compounds having same general formula as carbohydrates eg. acetic acid (CH3COOH), formaldehyde (CH2O), lactic acid (C3H6O3),
Prof. Vijay Mishra

CnH2nOn

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EXCEPTIONS

CnH2nOn
Carbohydrates like (C6H12O5), (C6H12O4); do not follow general formula of carbohydrates
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Prof vkmBIO
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THE BIOWORLD

LIPIDS