Introduction to Solid Modeling

Parametric Modeling

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Why draw 3D Models?

3D models are easier to interpret. 3D models can be used to perform engineering analysis, finite element analysis (stress, deflection, thermal..) and motion analysis 3D models can be used directly in manufacturing, Computer Numerical Control (CNC).

Less expensive than building a physical model.

3D models can be altered easily, create more concepts Can be used for presentations and marketing.
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Basics of Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

What is FEA ? A complex problem is divided into a smaller and simpler problems that can be solved by using the existing knowledge of mechanics of materials and mathematical tools Why FEA ? Modern mechanical design involves complicated shapes, sometimes made of different materials that as a whole cannot be solved by existing mathematical tools. Engineers need the FEA to evaluate their designs
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10. Mechanical Engineering Dept

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Basics of Finite Element Analysis

The process of dividing the model into small pieces is called meshing. The behavior of each element is well-known under all possible support and load scenarios. The finite element method uses elements with different shapes. Elements share common points called nodes.

mesh

analysis results
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Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10. Mechanical Engineering Dept

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

A CNC machine is an NC machine with the added feature of an on-board computer.
1 2 A solid model of the part is created. The program path is generated by computer

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

CNC Machines
Machining Centers, equipped with automatic tool changers, are capable of changing 90 or more tools. Can perform milling, drilling, tapping, boring on many faces.

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Creating Solid Models Parametric Modeling Concept

Parametric is a term used to describe a dimensions ability to change the shape of model geometry if the dimension value is modified. Feature-based is a term used to describe the various components of a model. A part can consist of various types of features such as holes, grooves, fillets, and chamfers. Parametric models are featured-based, parametric, solid modeling design program: SolidWorks, Pro-Engineer, Unigraphics (CSG and parametric), Autodesk Inventor, ..
Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Ken Youssefi

Design Intent
In parametric modeling, dimensions control the model. Design intent is how your model will react when dimension values are changed.

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Design Intent
The drawing shows the intent of the designer that the inclined plane (chamfer) should have a flat area measuring 2.5 inches and that it should start at a point 1.25 inches from the base of the drawing. These parameters are what the designer deemed significant for this model.
2.50
2.50

1.25
4.00

Remember that the placement of dimensions is very important because they are being used to drive the shape of the geometry. If the 2.5 in. vertical dimension increases, the 2.5 in. flat across the chamfer will be maintained, but its angle will change.
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Design Intent
In this drawing, what is important to the designer is the vertical location and horizontal dimension of the chamfer, rather than the flat of the chamfer.
2.125

2.50

1.25
4.00

1.75

In the last drawing, the designer calls for a specific angle for the chamfer. In this case the angle of the chamfer should be dimensioned.

30.0O 2.50

4.00

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Design Intent

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Parametric Modeling
The true power of parametric modeling shines through when design changes need to be made. The design modification is made by simply changing a dimension.
Pattern: 8 Holes 30 10

60

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Since the counterbore is associated with the top surface of the ring, any changes in the thickness of the ring would automatically be reflected on the counterbore depth.
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Sketching and Features

When discussing the mind-set needed for working with parametric modelers, two topics need to be expanded: Sketching and Features

Sketching
Take the word sketch literally. A sketch should be just that, a sketch. When sketching it is not necessary to create geometry with accuracy. Lines, arcs, and additional geometry need not be created with exact dimensions in mind. When the dimensions are added, the sketch will change size and shape. This is the essence of Parametric Modeling. In short, the sketch need only be the approximate size and shape of the part being designed. When dimensions are added, they will drive the size and the shape of the geometry.
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Sketching and Features

Features Sketched Feature Create a 2D sketch.
Create a feature from the sketch by extruding, revolving, sweeping, lofting and blending.

2.75

1.0

2.5

.75 .25

Revolved feature
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Extruded feature
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Creating Solids - Sweep

A Sweep feature requires a profile and a path. The profile will follow the path to create the solid.

Profile (section) Path (guide)

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

Sweep feature

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Creating Solids Loft (different profiles)

Round profile Round profile

Square profile

Sections (profiles) do not have to be sketched on parallel planes All sections must be either closed or open
Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Creating Features from Sketches

Loft in SolidWorks

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Applied Feature
Applied feature does not require a sketch.

It is applied directly to the model.

Fillets and chamfers are very common applied features.
Chamfer Fillet

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Applied Features
Shell hollowing out a solid

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Applied Features - Patterns

Linear (rectangular) pattern

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Applied Features - Patterns

Linear (rectangular) pattern
1. Select direction 1 and 2 3. Select # of features in dir. 1 and 2 4. Select feature to pattern

2. Select spacing in dir. 1 and 2

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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Applied Features - Patterns

Circular (polar) pattern
1. Select axis of rotation 3. Select # of features 4. Select feature to pattern

2. Select spacing between features

Ken Youssefi

Introduction to Engineering, E10.

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