G. Carpenter A. Vize
Outline
What is an ADPLL? ADPLL Advantages and Issues System Level Comparison: ADPLL vs. Analog PLL A Past Design Approach Example (<2005) A Current Design Approach Example (2006) Our Project Specifics: (Frequency, Size, etc.) Anticipated Issues Conclusion
What is ADPLL?
The All Digital Phase-Locked Loop circuit or ADPLL consists of an interacting series of entirely digital cell components which utilize digital logic structure, rather than analog voltage and current level driven devices, in order to lock to a desired frequency, given a reference frequency, within a desired frequency range in order to match the frequency and phase of a received signal.[1] (System specifications and diagrams to follow.)
ADPLL Advantages
Analog PLL -The Phase Detector produces charge up or charge down current pulses which have durations proportional to the difference in phase between the reference signal and the feedback signal. [7] ADPLL - The Phase Detector produces a digital word proportional to the difference in time between an edge of reference signal and the feedback signal. These digital words are then sent to the digital loop filter.[7]
Advantage Since the loop filter parameters are numerical, they can be changed easily by programming registers rather than changing components and there is virtually no limit on parameter size. [7] Phase Detector does not suffer from charge pump mismatch or leakage, thermal noise, aging or drift. [7]
ADPLL Advantages
All-Digital PLL design can improve system-turnaround efficiency during process changes, making it good for system on a chip applications [9] Excels at frequency translation [7] Decreased on chip area. The move to all digital eliminates the need for the isolation rings and eliminates bulky loop filter components. ~ 50% savings in chip area [9] Decreased Power Consumption Elimination of charge pump, current generators, voltage to current converters, etc. ~ 45% savings in power [9]
Analog Blocks
-Note the two DCOs -The Inner DCO Tracks the Reference Clock -The Output DCO Generates the Output Clock
Phase Frequency Detector No signal sent to controller when the phase error is less than 50 ps Post Digital Pulse Amp [2]
Digital Pulse Amplifier Increases the Phase Error between Reference and Feed Back Clocks so the D-flip-flops Can Detect It. [2]
Our Project
The project specifications for our project are to include: .18 Technology 1GHz Operational Frequency Transistor Level Implementation Physical Layout
Our Project
Based on the fact that we have found publications in which frequencies greater than our goal frequency have been reliably achieved, [5][4], on smaller technology, it seems possible to achieve the goals before us while potentially making gains in power efficiency, stability, or layout efficiency; however issues of control stability, parasitic effects, and other unforeseen issues may arise for which we must try to prepare.
References:
1. 2. An All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop with High-Resolution for SoC Applications, Duo Sheng; Ching-Che Chung; Chen-Yi Lee; VLSI Design, Automation and Test, 2006 International Symposium on, April 2006, Page(s):1 - 4 An All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop for High-Speed Clock Generation, Ching-Che Chung; Chen-Yi Lee; Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 38, Issue 2, Feb. 2003 Page(s):347 - 351 http://www.sugawara-systems.com/opencores/pll/pll.htm A Contribution to the Discrete Z-Domain Analysis of ADPLL, Xin Chen, Jun Yang; Xiao-ying Deng; ASIC, 2007. ASICON '07. 7th International Conference on, 22-25 Oct. 2007, Page(s):185-188 "A 4GHz Low Complexity ADPLL-based Frequency Synthesizer in 90nm CMOS", Zhuang, Jingcheng; Du, Qingjin; Kwasniewski, Tad; Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2007. CICC '07. IEEE 16-19 Sept. 2007 Page(s):543 - 546 "An Ultra-Low-Power and Portable Digitally Controlled Oscillator for SoC Applications", Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, IEEE Transactions on,Volume: 54, Issue: 11,page(s): 954-958 Analogue or Digital in PLL Design, Paul Kern, Electronics Weekly ,2007-11-08, http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/11/08/42575/analogue-or-digital-in-plldesign.htm Introduction of an All Digital Phase Locked Loop, Terng-Yin Hsu, Dept of CSIE, NCTU, http://isip17.csie.nctu.edu.tw/slides/NetworkSOC/Clock%20Recover_11222004.pdf A Compact, Low-Power Low-Jitter Digital PLL, Amr M. Fahim, Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2003. ESSCIRC '03. Proceedings of the 29th European, Publication Date: 16-18 Sept. 2003
3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 9.