MATERIALS AND CABLES

WHAT IS A CABLE???
A CABLE is two or more wires bounded together which may be bare or covered or insulated. It may be protected by a jacket sheath which protects all.

TYPES OF CABLES
There are various types of cables in the industry. They are as follows:1.Coaxial cable 2.Twisted pair cable 3.Fiber optic cable 4.Shielded cable 5.Insulated cable 6.Mechanical cable

Important factors in choosing a cable

A cable should be selected according to a few criteria. I.Capable of carrying electrical energy efficiently II.Safe to use at the intended area III.The selected cable is economical IV.Insulation

PARTS OF A CABLE

WHAT ARE CABLE MADE OF??

Cable materials should be choose precisely according to their usage . They should be made from insulation materials. a.PVC b.Vulcan rubber c.Silicon rubber d.Butyl rubber(propilena)

PVC CABLES
It is a rubber fiber and has a basic characteristic of a rubber Soft and certain medium temperature and breaks at low temperature Withstands up to 65 degrees Celsius Normal usage (600/1000V)

VULCAN RUBBER
Mixture of basic rubber and sulphur Not waterproof They are flexible and possess high temperature. Strength depends on the degree of vulcanization.

SILICON RUBBER
Very versatile where it can withstand very high temperature. It is inert where it is flexible and can be used in medical usage.

BUTYL RUBBER
Is a synthetic rubber which is a copolymer. Impermeable to air Used in agriculture chemicals, lubricants and even in chewing gum.

COAXIAL CABLE
Is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis.

 It consists of a centre copper core surrounded by an insulator, a braided metal shielding, called braiding, and an outer cover, called a sheath or jacket.

APPLICATIONS OF COAXIAL CABLE

used as a transmission line for radio frequency signals. Its applications include feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, computer network (Internet) connections, and distributing cable television signals.

ADVANTAGE OF COAXIAL CABLE

The electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists only in the space between the inner and outer conductors. This allows coaxial cable runs to be installed next to metal objects such as gutters without the power losses that occur in other types of transmission lines. Coaxial cable also provides protection of the signal from external [electromagnetic interference]

TWISTED PAIR CABLE

Twisted pair cable consists of color coded pair of insulated wire with diameter 0.4mm to 0.8mm. Every two pairs are twisted together to form pairs and insulated with a sheath.

 The twisted pair cable can be categorized as: 1.Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) 2.Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP).

UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR

Is the common type of twisted pair cable used in telecommunication networks. Consists of two copper conductors having their own insulating material intertwined with each other to cancel off induced current. The reason for twisting the wire is to reduce the vulnerability of the twisted pair cable from external electrical noise. Suitable for data transmission and voice transmission(100Hz-5MHz)

ADVANTAGES OF UTP
Low cost Easy installation More lines can be run through the same wiring duct Reduces electrical noises

SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR

Each pair of insulated conductor is encased in a metal shield to prevent crosstalk The shielded and unshielded twisted pair has the same quality aspects but the shield must be connected to the ground.

FIBER OPTIC CABLE

Fiber optic cable contains one or several glass or plastic fibers at its core. Surrounding the fiber is a layer of glass or plastic called cladding. Outside the cladding, a plastic buffer protects the cladding and core To prevent the cable from stretching , and to protect the inner core further , strands Kevlar surround the plastic buffer. Finally a plastic sheath covers the strands of Kevlar

ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE

Greatly increased bandwidth and capacity Lower signal attenuation (loss) Immunity to Electrical Noise Immune to noise (electromagnetic interference [EMI] and radio-frequency interference [RFI] Lower bit error rates Signal Security Difficult to tap Nonconductive (does not radiate signals)Electrical Isolation No common ground required Freedom from short circuit and sparks

THE END