Rolling Objects: Rotation

about a Moving Axis

Ms. Mikaela Fudolig
Physics 71
What if the axis of rotation moves?
The motion of a rigid body can be
described by SEPARATELY considering
the translational motion of the center of
mass
the rotational motion of the particles about
the center of mass.
and then adding them up.
Translation vs. Rotation
Translation involves moving the center of
mass
Rotation involves rotating about the CM
axis
Conceptual Exercise 4
A ball rotating about an axis running
through its center

+
A ball sliding across a floor (not
rotating)

A ball rolling on a floor
Rolling without Slipping
Not all objects that roll roll without slipping.
The following slides give the equations
that describe the motion of an object that
rolls without slipping.
Rolling objects
s
R
rolls
s
u
R
u
Rolling objects
Thus, the
center of mass
of the ball
moves by a
distance:
cm
x s Ru = =
s
R
rolls
without
slipping
s
u
R
u
Rolling objects
s
u
R
rolls
without
slipping
s
u
R
The center of
mass of the
ball moves with
a speed:
cm
ds
v
dt
=
cm
v Re =
Rolling objects
s
u
R
s
u
R
The center of
mass of the ball
moves with an
acceleration:
cm
cm
dv
a
dt
=
cm
a Ro =
rolls
without
slipping
Rolling Objects

Kinetic Energy
The total kinetic energy of a rolling particle
(mass M, moment of inertia I
cm
about the
CM) is
2 2
1 1
2 2
cm cm
K I Mv e = +
Newtons 2
nd
Law of Rotation
For a rolling object with moment of inertia
I
CM
about its center of mass:
net i cm
i
I t t o = =

Work-Energy Theorem
The work-energy theorem is written as
others trans rot
W K K U = A + A + A
2 2
, ,
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
others cm f cm i
cm f cm i
W mv mv
I I U e e
| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
+ A
|
\ .
W
friction
and rolling objects
Friction causes objects to roll.
For an object which rolls without
slipping, W
friction
= 0.
Example 4
A bowling ball of radius 11cm and mass
7.2kg, initially rolling on a horizontal
surface at speed 2m/s, rolls without
slipping up a hill to a height h before
momentarily coming to rest.
What is h? (Ans. 28.5cm)
Exercise 1
Y&F ex.10.6. You hold the end of the
string of a yo-yo while releasing the yo-
yo, which was initially at rest. The string
unwinds, but does not slip or stretch
while the yo-yo drops and rotates. The
yo-yo is a solid cylinder with mass M
and radius R.
Find the speed of the center of mass of the
cylinder after it has dropped a height h.
Exercise 2
Y&F ex.10.8. You hold the end of the
string of a yo-yo while releasing the yo-
yo, which was initially at rest. The string
unwinds, but does not slip or stretch
while the yo-yo drops and rotates. The
yo-yo is a solid cylinder with mass M
and radius R.
Find the downward acceleration of the
cylinder.
Example 5
A thin-walled cylinder rolls without slipping
down a ramp inclined at an angle | with
respect to the horizontal.
Find the cylinders acceleration a
CM
.